[1]
‘American historical review’ [Online]. Available: https://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/ejp/?libHash=CM7LY9CU9W#/search/?searchControl=title&searchType=issn_equals&criteria=0002-8762&titleType=JOURNALS&filterBy=All&beginPage=0&language=en-gb
[2]
‘European history quarterly’ [Online]. Available: https://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/ejp/?libHash=CM7LY9CU9W#/search/?searchControl=title&searchType=issn_equals&criteria=0265-6914&titleType=JOURNALS&filterBy=All&beginPage=0&language=en-gb
[3]
‘Historical journal’ [Online]. Available: https://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/ejp/?libHash=CM7LY9CU9W#/search/?searchControl=title&searchType=issn_equals&criteria=0018-246X&titleType=JOURNALS&filterBy=All&beginPage=0&language=en-gb
[4]
‘History today’ [Online]. Available: https://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/ejp/?libHash=CM7LY9CU9W#/search/?searchControl=title&searchType=issn_equals&criteria=0018-2753&titleType=JOURNALS&filterBy=All&beginPage=0&language=en-gb
[5]
‘History workshop journal’ [Online]. Available: https://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/ejp/?libHash=CM7LY9CU9W#/search/?searchControl=title&searchType=issn_equals&criteria=1363-3554&titleType=JOURNALS&filterBy=All&beginPage=0&language=en-gb
[6]
‘Journal of contemporary history’ [Online]. Available: http://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/?V=1.0&N=100&L=CM7LY9CU9W&S=A_T_B&C=Journal+of+Contemporary+History+
[7]
‘Journal of modern history’ [Online]. Available: https://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/ejp/?libHash=CM7LY9CU9W#/search/?searchControl=title&searchType=issn_equals&criteria=0022-2801&titleType=JOURNALS&filterBy=All&beginPage=0&language=en-gb
[8]
‘Totalitarian movements and political religion’ [Online]. Available: https://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/ejp/?libHash=CM7LY9CU9W#/search/?searchControl=title&searchType=issn_equals&criteria=1469-0764&titleType=JOURNALS&filterBy=All&beginPage=0&language=en-gb
[9]
R. De Felice and B. H. Everett, Interpretations of fascism. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1977.
[10]
R. Griffin, International fascism: theories, causes and the new consensus. London: Arnold, 1998.
[11]
R. Griffin, Fascism, vol. Oxford readers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[12]
R. Griffin, Modernism and fascism: the sense of a beginning under Mussolini and Hitler. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=318395&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[13]
R. Griffin, The nature of fascism. London: Routledge, 1993 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=530813&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[14]
S. G. Payne, A history of fascism, 1914-1945. London: UCL Press, 1995 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=358202&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[15]
Z. Sternhell, M. Sznajder, and M. Ashâeri, The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994.
[16]
H. Arendt, The origins of totalitarianism, [3rd rev. ed?]. London: Deutsch, 1986.
[17]
D. Beetham, Marxists in face of Fascism: writings by Marxists on Fascism from the inter-war period. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1983.
[18]
G. Botz, ‘Austro-Marxist interpretation of fascism’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 129–156, 1976.
[19]
M. Burleigh, The Third Reich: a new history. London: Pan, 2001.
[20]
J. M. . Cammett, ‘Communist theories of fascism’, Science & society, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 149–163, 1967.
[21]
H. A. Turner, Reappraisals of fascism, vol. Modern scholarship on European history. New York: New Viewpoints, 1975.
[22]
R. De Felice and B. H. Everett, Interpretations of fascism. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1977.
[23]
R. De Felice and M. A. Ledeen, Fascism: an informal introduction to its theory and practice, vol. Issues in contemporary civilization. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Books, 1976.
[24]
E. Fromm, Escape from freedom. New York: H. Holt, 1994.
[25]
E. Fromm, The fear of freedom. London: Routledge, 1991.
[26]
R. Eatwell, Fascism: a history. London: Vintage, 1996.
[27]
N. Zapponi, ‘Fascism in Italian historiography, 1986-93: a fading national identity’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 29, no. 4, Jan. 1994, doi: 10.1177/002200949402900401.
[28]
R. Griffin, Fascism, totalitarianism and political religion, vol. Totalitarian movements and political religions. London: Routledge, 2005.
[29]
R. Griffin, The nature of fascism. London: Routledge, 1993.
[30]
S. U. Larsen, B. Hagtvet, and J. P. Myklebust, Who were the fascists: social roots of European Fascism. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 1980.
[31]
W. Hofer, ‘Fifty years on: historians and the Third Reich’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 21, no. 2, Jan. 1986, doi: 10.1177/002200948602100206.
[32]
L. Hoffman, ‘Psychoanalytical interpretations of political movements, 1900-1950’, Psychohistory review, vol. 13, pp. 16–29, 1984.
[33]
M. Hurst, ‘What is fascism?’, The historical journal, vol. 11, no. 01, Mar. 1968, doi: 10.1017/S0018246X00002417. [Online]. Available: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/2-what-is-fascism/B29947780539663CFCD6AA715B6E634F
[34]
I. Kershaw, The Nazi dictatorship: problems and perspectives of interpretation, 4th ed. London: E. Arnold, 2000.
[35]
W. Z. Laqueur , ‘Is there now, or has there ever been, such a thing as totalitarianism?’, Commentary, no. 4, Oct, pp. 29–35, 1985.
[36]
‘Renzo de Felice and the controversy over Italian fascism’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 269–283.
[37]
C. Lefort and J. B. Thompson, The political forms of modern society: bureaucracy, democracy, totalitarianism. Cambridge: Polity, 1986.
[38]
G. L. Mosse, International fascism: new thoughts and new approaches, vol. Sage readers in 20th century history. London (etc.): Sage Publications, 1979.
[39]
M. Neocleous, Fascism, vol. Concepts in the social sciences. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.
[40]
S. G. Payne, Fascism: comparison and definition. London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980.
[41]
S. U. Larsen, B. Hagtvet, and J. P. Myklebust, Who were the fascists: social roots of European Fascism. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 1980.
[42]
A. C. Pinto, ‘Fascist ideology revisited: Zeev Sternhell and his critics’, European History Quarterly, vol. 16, no. 4, 1986.
[43]
W. Reich, M. Higgins, C. M. Raphael, and V. R. Carfagno, The mass psychology of fascism, vol. A condor book. London: Souvenir Press, 1972.
[44]
D. D. Roberts, The syndicalist tradition and Italian Fascism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979.
[45]
W. Sauer, ‘National Socialism: totalitarianism or fascism?’, The American Historical Review, vol. 73, pp. 404–424, 1967.
[46]
J. F. Sweets, ‘Hold that pendulum! Redefining fascism, collaborationism and resistance in France’, French historical studies, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 731–758.
[47]
K. Theweleit, Male fantasies: Vol. 1: Women, floods, bodies, history. Cambridge: Polity, 1987.
[48]
K. Theweleit, Male fantasies: psychoanalyzing the white terror, Vol. 2: Male bodies. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1989.
[49]
R. Thurlow, Fascism, vol. Cambridge perspectives in history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
[50]
Simon Tormey, Making sense of tyranny. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.
[51]
H. A. Turner, Reappraisals of fascism, vol. Modern scholarship on European history. New York: New Viewpoints, 1975.
[52]
R. Vivarelli, ‘Interpretations of the origins of fascism’, The Journal of Modern History, vol. 63, no. 1, Jan. 1991, doi: 10.1086/244257.
[53]
E. Weber, ‘Revolution? Counterrevolution? What revolution?’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 9, no. 2, Jan. 1974, doi: 10.1177/002200947400900201.
[54]
R. Wohl, ‘French fascism, both right and left: reflections on the Sternhell controversy’, The Journal of Modern History, vol. 63, no. 1, Jan. 1991, doi: 10.1086/244261.
[55]
N. Zapponi, ‘Fascism in Italian historiography, 1986-93: a fading national identity’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 29, no. 4, Jan. 1994, doi: 10.1177/002200949402900401.
[56]
T. Abse, ‘Syndicalism and the origins of Italian fascism’, The historical journal, vol. 25, no. 01, Feb. 2009, doi: 10.1017/S0018246X00009961. [Online]. Available: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/syndicalism-and-the-origins-of-italian-fascism/FD9A8135436051937B75FF3E7D2F8F63
[57]
D. Beetham, ‘From Socialism to Fascism: The Relation between Theory and Practice in the Work of Robert Michels’, Political Studies, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 3–24, Mar. 1977, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.1977.tb00141.x.
[58]
P. M. Hayes, Themes in modern European history 1890-1945, vol. Themes in modern European history. London: Routledge, 1992.
[59]
F. Copleston, Friedrich Nietzsche: philosopher of culture, (2nd) ed. London: Search Press (etc.), 1975.
[60]
S. Cullen, ‘The development of the ideas and policy of the British Union of Fascists, 1932-40’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 22, no. 1, Jan. 1987, doi: 10.1177/002200948702200107.
[61]
E. Cullingford, Yeats, Ireland and fascism. London: Macmillan, 1981.
[62]
F. Field, Three French writers and the Great War: studies in the rise of Communism and Fascism. Cambridge (etc.): Cambridge University Press, 1975.
[63]
P. Fussell, Great War and modern memory. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, USA, 2013 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=491335&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[64]
E. Gentile, The sacralization of politics in fascist Italy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1996.
[65]
A. J. Gregor and University of California, Berkeley, Young Mussolini and the intellectual origins of fascism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
[66]
R. Griffin, Fascism, vol. Oxford readers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[67]
A. Hamilton, The appeal of fascism: a study of intellectuals and fascism, 1919-1945. London: Blond, 1971.
[68]
C. C. Hodge, ‘ Knowing better: Weimar intellectuals and the German Republic’, European History Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 2, Apr. 1991.
[69]
R. Hollinrake, Nietzsche, Wagner, and the philosophy of pessimism. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1982.
[70]
W. Howard, ‘Nietzsche and fascism’, History of European ideas, vol. 11, pp. 893–899, 1989.
[71]
W. Laqueur, ‘Fin-de-siecle: Once More with Feeling’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 31, no. 1, 1996 [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/261094?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
[72]
A. Lyttelton and D. Parmâee, Italian fascisms: from Pareto to Gentile, vol. Roots of the Right, readings in fascist, racist and elitist ideology. London: Cape, 1973.
[73]
R. Griffin, Fascism, vol. Oxford readers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[74]
S. J. Woolf, The Nature of fascism : proceedings of a conference held by the Reading University Graduate School of Contemporary European Studies. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.
[75]
G. L. Mosse, The crisis of German ideology: intellectual origins of the Third Reich. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1966.
[76]
G. L. Mosse, ‘Introduction: the genesis of fascism’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 14–26, 1966.
[77]
R. A. Nye, ‘Two paths to a psychology of social action: Gustave LeBon and Georges Sorel’, The Journal of Modern History, vol. 45, no. 3, Jan. 1973, doi: 10.1086/241022.
[78]
S. G. Payne, A history of fascism, 1914-1945. London: UCL Press, 1995.
[79]
A. C. Pinto, ‘Fascist ideology revisited: Zeev Sternhell and his critics’, European history quarterly, vol. 16, no. 4, Oct. 1986.
[80]
T. Redman, Ezra Pound and Italian fascism, vol. Cambridge studies in American literature and culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
[81]
D. D. Roberts, The syndicalist tradition and Italian Fascism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979.
[82]
J. J. Roth, ‘The roots of Italian fascism: Sorel and Sorelismo’, The journal of modern history, vol. 39, no. 1, Jan. 1967, doi: 10.1086/239996.
[83]
H. D. Sluga, Heidegger’s crisis: philosophy and politics in Nazi Germany. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993.
[84]
R. Soucy, Fascism in France: the case of Maurice Barráes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.
[85]
W. Laqueur, Fascism: a reader’s guide : analyses, interpretations, bibliography. London: Scolar, 1976.
[86]
Z. Sternhell, M. Sznajder, and M. Ashâeri, The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994.
[87]
H. S. Hughes, Consciousness and society, vol. Open University set book. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1979.
[88]
R. Thurlow, Fascism in Britain: a history, 1918-1985. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987.
[89]
W. R. Tucker, ‘Politics and aesthetics: the fascism of Robert Brasillach’, The Western Political Quarterly, vol. 15, no. 4, Dec. 1962, doi: 10.2307/445539.
[90]
R. Vivarelli, ‘Interpretations of the origins of fascism’, The Journal of Modern History, vol. 63, no. 1, Jan. 1991, doi: 10.1086/244257.
[91]
E. Weber, ‘The men of the Archangel’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 101–126, 1966.
[92]
E. Weber, Varieties of fascism: doctrines of revolution in the twentieth century, vol. Anvil original. Malabar, Fla: R.E. Krieger Pub. Co, 1982.
[93]
R. Winegarten, ‘The fascist mentality : Drieu la Rochelle’, Wiener Library Bulletin, vol. 22, 1967.
[94]
R. Winegarten, ‘The temptations of cultural fascism’, Wiener library bulletin, vol. 13, 1968.
[95]
J. M. Winter, Sites of memory, sites of mourning: the Great War in European cultural history, vol. Studies in the social and cultural history of modern warfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
[96]
R. Woods, The conservative revolution in the Weimar Republic. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: St. Martin’s Press, 1996.
[97]
E. Black, Nazi nexus: America’s corporate connections to Hitler’s Holocaust. Washington, D.C.: Dialog Press, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=305173&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[98]
E. Black, IBM and the Holocaust: the strategic alliance between Nazi Germany and America’s most powerful corporation, 2nd pbk. ed. Washington, DC: Dialog Press, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=306960&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[99]
N. Gregor, Daimler-Benz in the Third Reich. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.
[100]
R. Griffin, Fascism, vol. Oxford readers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[101]
D. Jeffreys, Hell’s cartel: IG Farben and the making of Hitler’s war machine, 1st ed. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books, 2008.
[102]
R. Griffin, Modernism and fascism: the sense of a beginning under Mussolini and Hitler. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=318395&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[103]
T. W. Mason and J. Caplan, ‘Social policy in the Third Reich: the working class and the national community’, in Social policy in the Third Reich: the working class and the national community, Providence, RI: Berg, 1993, pp. 88–108 [Online]. Available: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=7e19047f-7df8-e811-80cd-005056af4099
[104]
T. W. Mason and J. Caplan, ‘Nazism, fascism and the working class’, in Nazism, fascism and the working class, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 53–76 [Online]. Available: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6d6f476d-b6f7-e811-80cd-005056af4099
[105]
T. W. Mason and J. Caplan, Nazism, fascism and the working class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
[106]
H. A. Turner, German big business and the rise of Hitler. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
[107]
M. Kitchen, Fascism. London: Macmillan, 1976.
[108]
D. Guerin and F. Merrill, Fascism and big business, 2nd American ed. New York: Monad Press, 1973.
[109]
I. Kershaw, ‘The Nazi dictatorship: problems and perspectives of interpretation’, in The Nazi dictatorship: problems and perspectives of interpretation, 4th ed., London: E. Arnold, 2000, pp. 47–68 [Online]. Available: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=dda98165-19f7-e811-80cd-005056af4099
[110]
D. Schoenbaum, ‘Hitler’s social revolution: class and status in Nazi Germany, 1933-1939’, in Hitler’s social revolution: class and status in Nazi Germany, 1933-1939, New York: Norton, 1980, pp. 178–192 [Online]. Available: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a35fd988-a068-e711-80cb-005056af4099
[111]
M. Neocleous, ‘Fascism’, in Fascism, vol. Concepts in the social sciences, Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997, pp. 38–58 [Online]. Available: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9b0dd39d-a168-e711-80cb-005056af4099
[112]
W. Laqueur, ‘Fascism: a reader’s guide : analyses, interpretations, bibliography’, in Fascism: a reader’s guide : analyses, interpretations, bibliography, Aldershot: Scolar P, 1991, pp. 379–412 [Online]. Available: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=69c41eaa-0bf7-e811-80cd-005056af4099
[113]
R. Sarti, Fascism and the industrial leadership in Italy, 1919-1940: a study in the expansion of private power under Fascism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.
[114]
H. A. Turner, General Motors and the Nazis: the struggle for control of Opel, Europe’s biggest carmaker. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.
[115]
W. L. Adamson, Avant-garde Florence: from modernism to fascism, vol. Studies in cultural history. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993.
[116]
W. L. Adamson, ‘Modernism and fascism: the politics of culture in Italy, 1903-1922’, The American Historical Review, vol. 95, no. 2, Apr. 1990, doi: 10.2307/2163755.
[117]
A. Bramwell, Blood and soil: Richard Walther Darrâe and Hitler’s ‘Green Party’. Bourne End: Kensal, 1985.
[118]
E. Dorn, ‘Generic fascism revisited: attitudes toward technology in Germany and Italy, 1919-1945’, German studies review, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 273–297, 1987.
[119]
P. Fritzsche, ‘Machine dreams: airmindedness and the reinvention of Germany’, The American Historical Review, vol. 98, no. 3, Jun. 1993, doi: 10.2307/2167546.
[120]
B. M. Lane and L. J. Rupp, ‘Nazi ideology before 1933: a documentation’, in Nazi ideology before 1933: a documentation, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1978, pp. 131–135 [Online]. Available: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1da58ac0-9ef8-e811-80cd-005056af4099
[121]
E. Gentile, ‘Impending modernity: fascism and the ambivalent image of the United States’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 28, no. 1, Jan. 1993, doi: 10.1177/002200949302800102.
[122]
R. Griffin, Modernism and fascism: the sense of a beginning under Mussolini and Hitler. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=318395&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[123]
J. Herf, Reactionary modernism: technology, culture and politics in Weimar and the Third Reich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
[124]
R. Griffin, Fascism, vol. Oxford readers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[125]
J. Herf, Reactionary modernism: technology, culture and politics in Weimar and the Third Reich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
[126]
J. Herf, ‘The engineer as ideologue: reactionary modernists in Weimar and Nazi Germany’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 19, no. 4, Jan. 1984, doi: 10.1177/002200948401900403.
[127]
R. B. Jensen, ‘Futurism and Fascism.’, History Today, vol. 45, no. 11 [Online]. Available: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=30h&AN=9601101502&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s1123049
[128]
T. P. Linehan, British fascism, 1918-39: parties, ideology and culture, vol. Manchester studies in modern history. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.
[129]
C. S. Maier, ‘Between Taylorism and technocracy: European ideologies and the vision of industrial productivity in the 1920s’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 5, no. 2, Jan. 1970, doi: 10.1177/002200947000500202.
[130]
T. Mason, ‘Italy and modernization: a montage’, History workshop, no. 25, pp. 127–147, Apr. 1988.
[131]
G. L. Mosse, ‘The political culture of Italian futurism: a general perspective’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 25, no. 2, Jan. 1990 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/260732?origin=api
[132]
K.-J. Müller, ‘French fascism and modernization’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 75–107, 1976.
[133]
R. H. Dominick, ‘The Nazis and the nature conservationists’, The Historian, vol. 49, no. 4, Aug. 1987.
[134]
R. H. Dominick, The environmental movement in Germany: prophets and pioneers, 1871-1971. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992.
[135]
M. Neocleous, Fascism, vol. Concepts in the social sciences. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.
[136]
R. A. Pois, National socialism and the religion of nature. London: Croom Helm, 1986.
[137]
A. G. . Rabinbach, ‘The aesthetics of production in the Third Reich’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 43–74, 1976.
[138]
R. Sarti, ‘Fascist modernization in Italy: traditional or revolutionary’, The American Historical Review, vol. 75, no. 4, Apr. 1970, doi: 10.2307/1852268.
[139]
R. Visser, ‘Fascist doctrine and the cult of the Romanita’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 27, no. 1, Jan. 1992, doi: 10.1177/002200949202700101.
[140]
P. Adam, The arts of the Third Reich. New York: H.N Abrams, 1992.
[141]
W. L. Adamson, Avant-garde Florence: from modernism to fascism, vol. Studies in cultural history. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993.
[142]
W. L. Adamson, ‘Fascism and culture: avant-gardes and secular religion in the Italian case’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 24, no. 3, Jan. 1989.
[143]
W. L. Adamson, ‘Modernism and fascism: the politics of culture in Italy, 1903-1922’, The American Historical Review, vol. 95, no. 2, Apr. 1990, doi: 10.2307/2163755.
[144]
W. L. Adamson, ‘The language of opposition in early twentieth-century Italy: rhetorical continuities between prewar Florentine avant-gardism and Mussolini’s facism’, The journal of modern history, vol. 64, no. 1, Jan. 1992, doi: 10.1086/244440.
[145]
M. Affron and M. Antliff, Fascist visions: art and ideology in France and Italy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1997.
[146]
Lutz Becker and Martin Caiger-Smith, Art and power : images of the 1930s. South Bank Centre, 1995.
[147]
R. Ben-Ghiat, ‘Italian fascism and the aesthetics of the “Third Way”’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 31, no. 2, Jan. 1996, doi: 10.1177/002200949603100205.
[148]
D. Ades, Hayward Gallery, Centre de Cultura Contemporáania de Barcelona, Deutsches Historisches Museum, and Council of Europe, Art and power: Europe under the dictators 1930-45. London: Thames and Hudson in association with Hayward Gallery, 1995.
[149]
D. Ades, Hayward Gallery, Centre de Cultura Contemporáania de Barcelona, Deutsches Historisches Museum, and Council of Europe, Art and power: Europe under the dictators 1930-45. London: Thames and Hudson in association with Hayward Gallery, 1995.
[150]
M. Berezin, ‘The organization of political ideology: culture, state, and theater in fascist Italy’, American sociological review, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 639–651, 1991 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2096085?origin=api
[151]
D. Ades, Hayward Gallery, Centre de Cultura Contemporáania de Barcelona, Deutsches Historisches Museum, and Council of Europe. Art Exhibition, Art and power: Europe under the dictators 1930-45. London: Thames and Hudson in association with Hayward Gallery, 1995.
[152]
E. Braun, ‘Expressionism as fascist aesthetic’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 31, no. 2, Jan. 1996, doi: 10.1177/002200949603100204.
[153]
M. A. Budd, The sculpture machine: physical culture and body politics in the age of Empire. Houndsmill: MacMillan, 1997.
[154]
P. V. Cannistraro, ‘Mussolini’s cultural revolution: fascist or nationalist?’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 7, no. 3, Jan. 1972 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/259908?origin=api
[155]
C. Coultass, ‘The German film 1933-1945’, Screen, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 38–41 [Online]. Available: http://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+german+film+1933-1945&rft.jtitle=Screen&rft.au=Coultass%2C+Clive&rft.date=1971&rft.issn=0036-9543&rft.eissn=1460-2474&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=38&rft.epage=41&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fscreen%2F12.2.38&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=251393077&paramdict=en-UK
[156]
G. R. Cuomo, National Socialist cultural policy. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
[157]
V. De Grazia, How fascism ruled women: Italy, 1922-1945. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
[158]
V. De Grazia, The culture of consent: mass organization of leisure in fascist Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
[159]
A. Dümling, ‘On the road to the "peoples’ community” [volksgemeinschaft]: the forced conformity of the Berlin Academy of Music under fascism’, The Musical Quarterly, vol. 77, no. 3, 1993, doi: 10.1093/mq/77.3.459.
[160]
D. Elliot, ‘The battle for art in the 1930s’, History Today, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 14–21 [Online]. Available: http://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+battle+for+art+in+the+1930s&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.au=Elliott%2C+David&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.pub=History+Today+Ltd&rft.issn=0018-2753&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=14&rft.externalDBID=IAO&rft.externalDocID=17471766&paramdict=en-UK
[161]
R. J. Evans, ‘German women and the triumph of Hitler’, Journal of modern history, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 123–175, 1976.
[162]
S. Falasca-Zamponi, Fascist spectacle: the aesthetics of power in Mussolini’s Italy, vol. Studies on the history of society and culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
[163]
C. Fogu, ‘Fascism and historic representation: the 1932 Garibaldian celebrations’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 31, no. 2, 1996.
[164]
D. Forgacs, Rethinking Italian fascism: capitalism, populism and culture. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1986.
[165]
J. Fox, Filming women in the Third Reich. Oxford: Berg, 2000.
[166]
M. Fuller, ‘Wherever you go, there you are: Fascist plans for the colonial city of Addis Ababa and the colonizing suburb of EUR ’42’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 31, no. 2, 1996.
[167]
P. Gay, Weimar culture: the outsider as insider. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1981.
[168]
E. Gentile, ‘Fascism as political religion’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 25, no. 2/3, 1990.
[169]
E. Gentile, The sacralization of politics in fascist Italy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1996.
[170]
H. Glaser and E. Menze, The cultural roots of national socialism. London: Croom Helm, 1978.
[171]
Mary-Margaret Goggin, ‘“Decent” vs. “degenerate” art: the National Socialist case’, Art journal, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 85–92, 1991.
[172]
J. V. Gottlieb and T. P. Linehan, The culture of fascism: visions of the Far Right in Britain. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004.
[173]
Roger Griffin, ‘Nazi art: romantic twilight or (post) modernist dawn?’, Oxford art journal, vol. 18, no. 2, 1995.
[174]
J. Hay, Popular film culture in Fascist Italy: the passing of the Rex. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1987.
[175]
J. Heskett, ‘Art and design in Nazi Germany’, History Workshop, no. 6, 1978.
[176]
R. Hughes, The shock of the new: art and the century of change, Updated and enl. Ed. London: Thames and Hudson, 1991.
[177]
David Stewart Hull, ‘Forbidden fruit: the harvest of the German cinema, 1939-1945’, Film Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 4, 1961.
[178]
P. Jelavich, Berlin cabaret, vol. Studies in cultural history. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993.
[179]
R. B. Jensen, ‘Futurism and fascism’, History today, vol. 45, no. 11, 1995.
[180]
Michael H. Kater, ‘Forbidden fruit? Jazz in the Third Reich’, The American historical review, vol. 94, no. 1, 1989.
[181]
T. H. Koon, Believe, obey, fight: political socialization of youth in fascist Italy, 1922-1943. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1AD.
[182]
S. Kracauer, From Caligari to Hitler: a psychological history of the German film. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1947.
[183]
‘The Nazification of Max Reinhardt’s Deutsches Theater Berlin’, Theatre Journal, vol. 40, no. 3, 1988 [Online]. Available: http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/docview/740711932?accountid=14494
[184]
A. Lareau, ‘The German cabaret movement during the Weimar Republic’, Theatre journal, vol. 43, no. 4, Dec. 1991.
[185]
W. Laqueur, Weimar - a cultural history, 1918-1933. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1974.
[186]
E. Levi, Music in the Third Reich. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1994.
[187]
P. Melograni, ‘The cult of the Duce in Mussolini’s Italy’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 11, no. 4, 1976.
[188]
P. Morrison, The poetics of fascism: Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, Paul de Man. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
[189]
George L. Mosse, ‘Caesarism, circuses, and monuments’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 6, no. 2, 1971.
[190]
G. L. . Mosse, ‘ Fascist aesthetics and society: Some considerations’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 31, no. 2, 1996.
[191]
G. L. Mosse, Nazi culture: intellectual, cultural and social life in the Third Reich. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2003.
[192]
G. L. Mosse, ‘The political culture of Italian futurism: a general perspective’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 25, no. 2/3, pp. 253–268, 1990.
[193]
E. Paulicelli, Fashion under fascism: beyond the black shirt, vol. Dress, body, culture. Oxford: Berg, 2004.
[194]
Jonathan Petropoulos, Art as politics in the Third Reich. The University of North Carolina Press.
[195]
M. S. Phillips, ‘The Nazi control of the German film industry’, Journal of European studies, vol. 1, no. 1, Mar. 1971.
[196]
K. Pinkus, Bodily regimes: Italian advertising under fascism. London: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.
[197]
T. Redman, Ezra Pound and Italian fascism, vol. Cambridge studies in American literature and culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
[198]
E. Rentschler, The ministry of illusion: Nazi cinema and its afterlife. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1996.
[199]
D. Ades, Hayward Gallery, Centre de Cultura Contemporáania de Barcelona, Deutsches Historisches Museum, and Council of Europe, Art and power: Europe under the dictators 1930-45. London: Thames and Hudson in association with Hayward Gallery, 1995.
[200]
J. T. Schnapp, ‘ Fascinating fascism’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 235–244, 1996.
[201]
J. T. Schnapp, Staging fascism: 18 BL and the theater of masses for masses. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1996.
[202]
L. Schulte-Sasse, Entertaining the Third Reich: illusions of wholeness in Nazi cinema, vol. Post-contemporary interventions. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996.
[203]
S. Sontag, ‘Fascinating Fascism’, in Under the sign of Saturn, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1980.
[204]
A. Speer, Inside the Third Reich. London: Phoenix, 2003.
[205]
A. E. Steinweis, Art, ideology, & economics in Nazi Germany: the Reich chambers of Music, Theater, and the Visual Arts. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.
[206]
Z. Sternhell, M. Sznajder, and M. Ashâeri, The birth of fascist ideology: from cultural rebellion to political revolution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994.
[207]
M. Stone, ‘ Staging Fascism: the exhibition of the Fascist revolution’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 28, no. 2, 1993.
[208]
E. R. Tannenbaum, Fascism in Italy: society and culture, 1922-1945. London: Allen Lane, 1973.
[209]
K. Theweleit, Male fantasies: 1: Women, floods, bodies, history. Cambridge: Polity, 1987.
[210]
K. Theweleit, Male fantasies. Vol. 2, Male bodies : psychoanalyzing the white terror. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1989.
[211]
D. Thompson, State control in Fascist Italy: culture and conformity, 1925-43. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991.
[212]
W. R. Tucker, ‘Politics and Aesthetics: The Fascism of Robert Brasillach’, The Western Political Quarterly, vol. 15, no. 4, Dec. 1962, doi: 10.2307/445539.
[213]
Krystyna von Henneberg, ‘Imperial uncertainties: architectural syncretism and improvisation in Fascist colonial Libya’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 31, no. 2, 1996.
[214]
D. Weinberg, ‘Approaches to the study of film in the Third Reich: a critical appraisal’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 19, no. 1, 1984.
[215]
D. Welch and MyiLibrary, The Third Reich: politics and propaganda, 2nd ed. [London]: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=110091&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[216]
R. Winegarten, ‘The temptations of cultural fascism’, Wiener library bulletin, vol. 13, pp. 33–40, 1968.
[217]
J. M. Winter, Sites of memory, sites of mourning: the Great War in European cultural history, vol. Studies in the social and cultural history of modern warfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
[218]
S. J. Woolf, ‘Fascism in Europe’, in Fascism in Europe, London: Methuen, 1981, pp. 151–170 [Online]. Available: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=fb81e7b7-fff6-e811-80cd-005056af4099
[219]
M. Biondich, ‘Radical Catholicism and fascism in Croatia, 1918–1945’, Totalitarian movements and political religions, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 383–399, Jun. 2007, doi: 10.1080/14690760701321346. [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14690760701321346?needAccess=true
[220]
M. Burleigh, ‘National socialism as a political religion’, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–26, Sep. 2000, doi: 10.1080/14690760008406930. [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14690760008406930
[221]
R. Clark, ‘Nationalism and orthodoxy: Nichifor Crainic and the political culture of the extreme right in 1930s Romania’, Nationalities Papers, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 107–126, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1080/00905992.2011.633076. [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00905992.2011.633076
[222]
R. Eatwell, ‘Reflections on fascism and religion’, Totalitarian movements and political religions, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 145–166, Dec. 2003, doi: 10.1080/14690760412331329991. [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14690760412331329991
[223]
M. Feldman, M. Turda, and T. Georgescu, Eds., Clerical fascism in interwar Europe, vol. Totalitarian movements and political religions. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=542388&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[224]
S. Fischer‐Galati, ‘Codreanu, Romanian national traditions and charisma’, Totalitarian movements and political religions, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 245–250, Jun. 2006, doi: 10.1080/14690760600642321. [Online]. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14690760600642321
[225]
E. Gentile, ‘Fascism as political religion’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 25, no. 2/3, pp. 229–251, 1990 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/260731?origin=api
[226]
E. Gentile, The sacralization of politics in fascist Italy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1996.
[227]
P. Kolstø, ‘The Croatian Catholic Church and the long road to Jasenovac’, Nordic journal of religion & society, vol. 24, no. 1, 2011 [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=a9h&AN=60016168&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s1123049
[228]
T. Linehan, ‘“On the side of Christ”: fascist clerics in 1930s Britain’, Totalitarian movements and political religions, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 287–301, Jun. 2007, doi: 10.1080/14690760701321189.
[229]
B. M. Lituchy and International Conference and Exhibit on the Jasenovac Concentration Camps, Jasenovac and the Holocaust in Yugoslavia: analyses and survivor testimonies, 1st ed. New York: Jasenovac Research Institute, 2006.
[230]
G. Pana, ‘Religious anti-semitism in Romanian fascist propaganda’’, Religion in Eastern Europe, vol. 26, no. 2, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=a9h&AN=21175534&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s1123049
[231]
E. Paris, Genocide in satellite Croatia, 1941-1945: a record of racial and religious persecutions and massacres. [Whitefish, MT?]: Literary Licensing, 2011.
[232]
S. Stowers, ‘The concepts of “religion”, “political religion” and the study of Nazism’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 9–24, Jan. 2007, doi: 10.1177/0022009407071628.
[233]
R. A. Webster, The cross and the fasces: Christian Democracy and fascism in Italy. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1960.
[234]
R. Levinâe-Meyer and D. Z. Mairowitz, Inside German communism: memoirs of party life in the Weimar Republic. London: Pluto Press, 1977.
[235]
L. Reissner and R. Chappell, Hamburg at the barricades, and other writings on Weimar Germany. London: Pluto Press, 1977.
[236]
J. M. Diehl, Paramilitary politics in Weimar Germany. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.
[237]
R. Luxemburg and S. E. Bronner, The letters of Rosa Luxemburg, New ed. New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1993.
[238]
J. Plamenatz, German Marxism and Russian communism. London: Longmans,Green, 1954.
[239]
H. Graham and P. Preston, The Popular Front in Europe. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987.
[240]
A. L. Merson, Communist resistance in Nazi Germany. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1985.
[241]
J. Willett, The new sobriety 1917-1933: art and politics in the Weimar period. London: Thames & Hudson, 1978.
[242]
B. I. Lewis, George Grosz: art and politics in the Weimar Republic, Rev ed. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991.
[243]
I. Deak, Weimar Germany’s left-wing intellectuals: a political history of the Weltbèuhne and its circle. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.
[244]
T. Rees and A. Thorpe, International communism and the Communist International, 1919-1943. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999.
[245]
F. Claudin, The Communist movement: from Comintern to Cominform, Part 1: The crisis of the Communist International. London: Monthly Review Press, 1975.
[246]
F. Claudin, The Communist movement: from Comintern to Cominform, Part 2: The zenith of Stalinism. London: Monthly Review Press, 1975.
[247]
J. Degras, Third International, and Royal Institute of International Affairs, The Communist International, 1919-1943: documents, Vol.3: 1929-1943. London: Frank Cass, 1965.
[248]
Robert Vincent Daniels, A documentary history of Communism Volume 1 and 2. London: Tauris.
[249]
A. Thorpe, The British Communist Party and Moscow, 1920-43. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.
[250]
G. D. Anderson, Fascists, communists, and the national government: civil liberties in Great Britain, 1931-1937. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1983.
[251]
J. Fyrth, Britain, fascism and the Popular Front. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1985.
[252]
J. Jackson, The Popular Front in France: defending democracy, 1934-38. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
[253]
G. Stern, The rise and decline of international communism. Aldershot: Elgar, 1990.
[254]
E. D. Weitz, Creating German communism, 1890-1990: from popular protests to socialist state. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1997.
[255]
M. Worley, In search of revolution: international communist parties in the third period. London: I.B.Tauris, 2004.
[256]
J. Adler, The Jews of Paris and the final solution: communal response and internal conflicts, 1940-1944, vol. Studies in Jewish history. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
[257]
O. Bartov, Ed., The Holocaust: origins, implementation, aftermath, Second edition. New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 2015.
[258]
Z. Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2000.
[259]
D. L. Bergen, ‘The Nazi concept of “Volksdeutsche” and the exacerbation of anti-semitism in Eastern Europe, 1939-45’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 569–582, 1994.
[260]
G. Bernardini, ‘The origins and development of racial anti-semitism in fascist Italy’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 49, no. 3, 1977.
[261]
‘Review: Racial ideas and the politics of prejudice 1850-1914’, The Historical Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, 1972.
[262]
P. Birnbaum, Anti-semitism in France: a political history from Lâeon Blum to the present, vol. Studies in social discontinuity. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.
[263]
G. C. Browder, Hitler’s enforcers: the Gestapo and the SS security service in the Nazi revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
[264]
C. R. Browning, The path to genocide: essays on launching the final solution, Canto ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
[265]
M. Burleigh, ‘ Euthanasia and the Third Reich’, History today, vol. 40, no. 2, 1990.
[266]
M. Burleigh and W. Wippermann, The racial state: Germany 1933-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
[267]
P. Burrin, P. Southgate, and S. Friedèander, Hitler and the Jews: the genesis of the Holocaust. London: E. Arnold, 1994.
[268]
W. Carr, ‘Nazi Policy Towards The Jews’, History Today, vol. 35, no. 11, Nov. 1985 [Online]. Available: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=30h&AN=4869125&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s1123049
[269]
D. Cesarani, The Final solution: origins and implementation. London: Routledge, 1994 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=32407&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[270]
B. Cheyette, Constructions of ‘the Jew’ in English literature and society: racial representations, 1875-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
[271]
J. Dèulffer, Nazi Germany, 1933-1945: faith and annihilation. London: Distributed exclusively in the USA by St. Martin’s Press, 1996.
[272]
M. Freeden, ‘Eugenics and ideology’, Historical Journal, vol. 26, no. 4, 1983.
[273]
M. Freeden, ‘Eugenics and progressive thought: a study in ideological affinity’, The Historical journal, vol. 22, no. 03, Feb. 2009, doi: 10.1017/S0018246X00017027.
[274]
Geoffrey J. Giles, ‘The most unkindest cut of all: castration, homosexuality and Nazi justice’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 27, no. 1, 1992.
[275]
D. J. Goldhagen, Hitler’s willing executioners: ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. London: Abacus, 1997.
[276]
N. Goodrick-Clarke, The occult roots of Nazism: the Ariosophists of Austria and Germany 1890-1935. Wellingborough: Aquarian, 1985.
[277]
L. R. . Graham, ‘ Science and values: The eugenics movement in Germany and Russia in the 1920s’, American Historical Review, vol. 82, no. 5, 1977.
[278]
H. Graml and T. Kirk, Antisemitism in the Third Reich. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.
[279]
William W. Hagen, ‘Before the “Final Solution”: toward a comparative analysis of political anti-semitism in interwar Germany and Poland’, Journal of modern history, vol. 68, no. 2, 1996.
[280]
M. L. . Hauner, ‘A German racial revolution?’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 19, no. 4, 1984.
[281]
‘ Racism and the Third Reich’, The Historical Journal, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 981–994, 1994.
[282]
Greta Jones, ‘Eugenics and social policy between the wars’, The Historical Journal , vol. 25, no. 3, 1982.
[283]
S. T. Katz, The Holocaust in historical context: Vol.1: The Holocaust and mass death before the modern age. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
[284]
C. Koonz, ‘Ethical dilemmas and Nazi eugenics: single-issue dissent in religious contexts’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 64, no. Supplement, 1992.
[285]
H. Krausnick and E. Wiskemann, Anatomy of the SS state. London: Collins, 1968.
[286]
L. D. Kritzman, Auschwitz and after: race, culture and ‘the Jewish question’ in France. London: Routledge, 1995.
[287]
K. Malik, The meaning of race: race, history and culture in Western society. London: MacMillan, 1996.
[288]
M. Marrus, Ed., ‘The history of the holocaust: A survey of recent literature’, The Journal of Modern History, vol. 59, no. 1, 1987 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1880379
[289]
Arno J. Mayer, Why did the heavens not darken? New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.
[290]
M. Michaelis, ‘Fascism, totalitarianism and the holocaust: reflections on current interpretations of National Socialist anti-semitism’, European History Quarterly, vol. 19, no. 1, 1989.
[291]
M. Michaelis and Institute of Jewish Affairs, Mussolini and the Jews: German-Italian relations and the Jewish question in Italy 1922-1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press for the Institute of Jewish Affairs, 1978.
[292]
G. L. Mosse, The crisis of German ideology: intellectual origins of the Third Reich. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1966.
[293]
D. J. K. Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany: conformity, opposition and racism in everyday life. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1989.
[294]
M. S. Quine, Population politics in twentieth-century Europe: fascist dictatorships and liberal democracies, vol. Historical connections. London: Routledge, 1996.
[295]
C. Ross, Naked Germany: health, race and the nation. New York: Berg, 2004.
[296]
W. Schneider, ‘Toward the improvement of the human race: the history of eugenics in France’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 54, no. 2, 1982.
[297]
R. Soloway, ‘Counting the degenerates: the statistics of race deterioration in Edwardian England’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 17, no. 1, 1982.
[298]
L. V. Thompson, ‘Lebensborn and the eugenics policy of the Reichsführer-SS’, Central European History, vol. 4, no. 1, 1971.
[299]
P. Weindling, Health, race and German politics between national unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, vol. Cambridge history of medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
[300]
G. Williamson, The SS: Hitler’s instrument of terror. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1994.
[301]
R. F. Baumeister, Evil: inside human cruelty and violence. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1997.
[302]
C. R. Browning and Mazal Holocaust Collection, Ordinary men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the final solution in Poland, Revised edition. New York: Harper Perennial, 2017.
[303]
D. C. Duguay, ‘Mimetic desire: linking violence with sacrifice.’, Philippiniana sacra, vol. 42, no. 127, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=a9h&AN=34234031&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s1123049
[304]
R. Girard and Y. Freccero, Deceit, desire, and the novel: self and other in literary structure. London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.
[305]
R. Girard, J.-M. Oughourlian, and G. Lefort, Things hidden since the foundation of the world. London: Continuum, 2003.
[306]
R. Girard and P. Gregory, Violence and the sacred. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.
[307]
D. J. Goldhagen, Hitler’s willing executioners: ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. London: Abacus, 1997.
[308]
M. Feldman and M. Turda, Clerical fascism in interwar Europe. London: Routledge, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=542388&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[309]
J. Hodge, ‘Why do humans commit violence? Violence, war and rioting in the modern world and René Girard’s mimetic theory’’, Compass, vol. 45, no. 3, 2011 [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=a9h&AN=77695084&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s1123049
[310]
P. K. Lunt, Stanley Milgram: understanding obedience and its implications, vol. Mind shapers series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
[311]
S. Milgram, Obedience to authority: an experimental view. London: Tavistock Publications, 1974.
[312]
A. G. Miller, The obedience experiments: a case study of controversy in social science. New York: Praeger, 1986.
[313]
D. J. K. Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany: conformity, opposition and racism in everyday life. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1989.
[314]
L. Ray, ‘Mark of Cain: Shame, desire and violence’, European Journal of Social Theory, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 292–309, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.1177/1368431013476536.
[315]
P. G. Zimbardo, The Lucifer effect: understanding how good people turn evil. New York: Random House Trade, 2008.
[316]
N. Atkin and F. Tallett, The Right in France: from revolution to Le Pen. London: I.B.Tauris, 2003.
[317]
H.-G. Betz, Radical right-wing populism in western Europe. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994.
[318]
M. Billig, Fascists: a social psychological view of the National Front, vol. European monographs in social psychology. London (etc.): Academic Press (for the) European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, 1978.
[319]
L. Cheles, R. Ferguson, and M. Vaughan, The far right in Western and Eastern Europe, 2nd [rev.] ed. London: Longman, 1995.
[320]
M. Cronin, The failure of British fascism: the far right and the fight for political recognition. [Basingstoke]: Macmillan, 1996.
[321]
M. Cronin, The failure of British fascism: the far right and the fight for political recognition. [Basingstoke]: Macmillan, 1996.
[322]
M. Fennema, ‘Some conceptual issues and problems in the comparison of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe’, Party Politics, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 473–492, Oct. 1997, doi: 10.1177/1354068897003004002.
[323]
P. Hainsworth, The politics of the extreme right: from the margins to the mainstream. London: Pinter, 2000.
[324]
G. Harris, The dark side of Europe: the extreme right today. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990.
[325]
C. T. Husbands, Racial exclusionism and the city: the urban support of the National Front. London: Allen & Unwin, 1983.
[326]
P. Ignazi, ‘The silent counter-revolution.’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 22, no. 1, Jul. 1992.
[327]
P. H. Merkl and L. Weinberg, Encounters with the contemporary radical right, vol. New directions in comparative politics. Boulder: Westview Press, 1993.
[328]
H. Kitschelt and A. J. McGann, The radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995.
[329]
T. Linehan, ‘Comparing antisemitism, Islamophobia, and Asylophobia: the British case’, Studies in ethnicity and nationalism, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 366–386, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1111/j.1754-9469.2012.01161.x.
[330]
N. Copsey and D. Renton, British fascism, the labour movement, and the state. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=56350&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[331]
Marcel Lubbers, Mérove Gijsberts, and Peer Scheepers, ‘Extreme right-wing voting in Western Europe’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 41, no. 3, 2992, doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.00015. [Online]. Available: http://cm7ly9cu9w.scholar.serialssolutions.com/?sid=google&auinit=M&aulast=Lubbers&atitle=Extreme right‐wing voting in Western Europe&id=doi:10.1111/1475-6765.00015&title=European journal of political research&volume=41&issue=3&date=2002&spage=345&issn=0304-4130
[332]
P. H. Merkl and L. Weinberg, Encounters with the contemporary radical right, vol. New directions in comparative politics. Boulder: Westview Press, 1993.
[333]
N. Moss and M. Neocleous, ‘The poor against the poor? Race, class and anti-fascism’, Radical Philosophy, no. 112, pp. 6–8, 2002.
[334]
Cas Mudde, ‘The war of words: defining the extreme right party family ’, West European Politics, vol. 19, no. 2, 1996.
[335]
Cas Mudde, ‘Right-wing extremism analyzed: a comparative analysis of the ideologies of three alleged right-wing extremist parties’, European Journal of Political Research , vol. 27, no. 2, 1995.
[336]
Mark Neocleous and Nick Startin, ‘“Protest” and fail to survive: Le Pen and the great moving ’, Politics, vol. 23, no. 3, 2003, doi: 10.1111/1467-9256.00191.
[337]
A. Schedler, ‘Anti-political-establishment parties’, Party Politics, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 291–312, Jul. 1996, doi: 10.1177/1354068896002003001.
[338]
T. Saalfeld, ‘The politics of national‐populism: Ideology and policies of the German Republikaner party’, German Politics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 177–199, Aug. 1993.
[339]
S. Taylor, The National Front in English politics. London: Macmillan, 1982.
[340]
K. von Beyme, ‘Right‐wing extremism in post‐war Europe’, West European Politics, vol. 11, no. 2, Apr. 1988.
[341]
E. L. Bernays and M. C. Miller, Propaganda. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Ig Pub, 2005.
[342]
D. Beetham, Marxists in face of Fascism: writings by Marxists on Fascism from the inter-war period. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1983.
[343]
N. Chomsky, Media control: the spectacular achievements of propaganda, 2nd ed., vol. The open media pamphlet series. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2002.
[344]
C. Hedges, American fascists : the Christian Right and the war on America. Chris Hedges. London: Vintage, 2008.
[345]
George L. Mosse, ‘Fascist aesthetics and society: some considerations’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 245–252, 1996 [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/261165?origin=api
[346]
V. Packard, The hidden persuaders. London: Penguin, 1981.
[347]
A. Slane, A not so foreign affair: fascism, sexuality, and the cultural rhetoric of American democracy. Durham [N.C]: Duke University Press, 2001 [Online]. Available: http://read.dukeupress.edu/content/a-not-so-foreign-affair
[348]
S. Sontag, Fascinating Fascism. .
[349]
K. Ravetto, The unmaking of fascist aesthetics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
[350]
S. S. Wolin, Democracy incorporated: managed democracy and the specter of inverted totalitarianism, [New ed., Pbk. ed.]. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010.
[351]
N. Wolf, The end of America: the: letters of warning to a young patriot. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Pub, 2007.
[352]
W. S. Allen, The Nazi seizure of power: the experience of a single German town, 1922-45, Rev. ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1989.
[353]
P. Baldwin, ‘Social interpretations of Nazism: renewing a tradition’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 25, no. 1, 1990.
[354]
R. Benewick, The Fascist movement in Britain, Revised ed. London: Allen Lane, 1972.
[355]
M. Burleigh, The Third Reich: a new history. London: Pan, 2001.
[356]
F. L. Carsten, Fascist movements in Austria: from Schèonerer to Hitler, vol. Sage studies in 20th century history. London (etc.): Sage Publications, 1977.
[357]
F. L. Carsten, The rise of fascism, 2nd ed. London: Batsford, 1980.
[358]
N. Copsey and D. Renton, British fascism, the labour movement and the state. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=56350&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
[359]
P. Corner, Fascism in Ferrara, 1915-1925, vol. Oxford Historical Monographs. London (etc.): Oxford University Press, 1975.
[360]
M. Cronin, The failure of British fascism: the far right and the fight for political recognition. [Basingstoke]: Macmillan, 1996.
[361]
A. J. De Grand, Italian fascism: its origins & development, 2nd ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989.
[362]
R. Eatwell, Fascism: a history. London: Vintage, 1996.
[363]
William D. Irvine, ‘Fascism in France and the strange case of the Croix de Feu’, The Journal of Modern History, vol. 63, no. 2, 1991.
[364]
Y. Jelinek, ‘Storm-troopers in Slovakia: the Rodobrana and the Hlinka Guard’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 6, no. 3, 1971.
[365]
M. H. Kater, The Nazi Party: a social profile of members and leaders, 1919-1945. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983.
[366]
R. Koshar, ‘From Stammtisch to party: Nazi joiners and the contradictions of grass roots fascism in Weimar Germany’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 59, no. 1, 1987.
[367]
W. Laqueur, Fascism: a reader’s guide : analyses, interpretations, bibliography. Aldershot: Scolar P, 1991.
[368]
S. U. Larsen, B. Hagtvet, and J. P. Myklebust, Who were the fascists: social roots of European Fascism. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 1980.
[369]
T. P. Linehan, British fascism, 1918-39: parties, ideology and culture, vol. Manchester studies in modern history. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.
[370]
T. P. Linehan, East London for Mosley: the British union of fascists in East London and South-West Essex, 1933-40. London: Frank Cass, 1996.
[371]
K. Lunn and R. Thurlow, British fascism: essays on the radical right in inter-war Britain. London: Croom Helm, 1980.
[372]
A. Lyttelton, The seizure of power: Fascism in Italy, 1919-1929, Rev. ed., vol. Totalitarian movements and political religions. London: Routledge, 2004 [Online]. Available: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Brunel&isbn=9780203011133
[373]
G. L. Mosse, ‘The French right and the working classes: les Jaunes’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 7, no. 3/4, 1972.
[374]
D. Mèuhlberger, The Social basis of European fascist movements. London: Croom Helm, 1987.
[375]
A. Nicholls, Weimar and the rise of Hitler, 4th ed., vol. The making of the 20th century. Basingstoke :bMacmillan Press, 2000.
[376]
R. Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley. London: Macmillan, 1975.
[377]
F. M. Snowden, The fascist revolution in Tuscany, 1919-1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
[378]
R. J. Soucy, ‘French fascism and the Croix de Feu: a dissenting interpretation’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 26, no. 1, 1991.
[379]
R. J. Soucy, French fascism: the first wave. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
[380]
R. Thurlow, Fascism in Britain: a history, 1918-1985. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987.
[381]
E. Weber, ‘Nationalism, socialism, and National-Socialism in France’, French historical studies, vol. 2, no. 3, 1962.
[382]
Eugen Weber, ‘The men of the Archangel’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 1, no. 1, 1966.
[383]
S. J. Woolf, European fascism, vol. Reading University studies on contemporary Europe. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.
[384]
E. Paris, Genocide in satellite Croatia, 1941-1945: a record of racial and religious persecutions and massacres. Whitefish, MT?]: Literary Licensing.
[385]
B. M. Lituchy and International Conference and Exhibit on the Jasenovac Concentration Camps, Jasenovac and the Holocaust in Yugoslavia: analyses and survivor testimonies, 1st ed. New York: Jasenovac Research Institute, 2006.
[386]
R. Bessel, Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: comparisons and contrasts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
[387]
M. Blinkhorn, Fascists and conservatives: the radical right and the establishment  in twentieth-century Europe. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990.
[388]
M. Blinkhorn, Mussolini and Fascist Italy, 3rd edition., vol. Lancaster pamphlets. New York, NY: Routledge, 2006.
[389]
K. D. Bracher, The German dictatorship: the origins, structure and consequences of National Socialism ; translated from the German by Jean Steinberg with an introduction by Peter Gay. Harmondsworth [etc.]: Penguin, 1978.
[390]
A. Cassels, Fascist Italy, 2nd ed., vol. Europe since 1500 series. Arlington Heights, Ill: H. Davidson, 1985.
[391]
D. F. Crew, Nazism and German society, 1933-1945, vol. Rewriting histories. London: Routledge, 1994.
[392]
A. J. De Grand, Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: the ‘fascist’ style of rule, vol. Historical connections. London: Routledge, 1995.
[393]
P. M. Hayes, Fascism. Allen and Unwin, 1973.
[394]
K. Hildebrand, The Third Reich. London: Allen & Unwin, 1984.
[395]
I. Kershaw, The Nazi dictatorship: problems and perspectives of interpretation, 4th ed. London: E. Arnold, 2000.
[396]
M. Kitchen, Fascism. London: Macmillan, 1976.
[397]
W. Laqueur, Fascism: a reader’s guide : analyses, interpretations, bibliography. Aldershot: Scolar P, 1991.
[398]
S. J. Lee, The European dictatorships 1918-1945. London: Methuen, 1987.
[399]
H. Lubasz, Fascism: three major regimes, vol. Major issues in history. (Chichester): Wiley, 1973.
[400]
A. Lyttelton, The seizure of power: Fascism in Italy, 1919-1929, Rev. ed., vol. Totalitarian movements and political religions. London: Routledge, 2004 [Online]. Available: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://shibsles.brunel.ac.uk/idp/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203011133
[401]
H. Mommsen, From Weimar to Auschwitz: essays in German history. Cambridge: Polity, 1991.
[402]
R. J. Overy, War and economy in the Third Reich. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.
[403]
S. G. Payne, A history of fascism, 1914-1945. London: UCL Press, 1995.
[404]
S. G. Payne, Fascism: comparison and definition. London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980.
[405]
P. Preston, The politics of revenge: fascism and the military in twentieth-century Spain. London: Routledge, 1995.
[406]
Dan P. Silverman, ‘Nazification of the German bureaucracy reconsidered: a case study’, Journal of Modern History  , vol. 60, no. 3, 1988.
[407]
E. Weber, Varieties of fascism: doctrines of revolution in the twentieth century, vol. Anvil original. Malabar, Fla: R.E. Krieger Pub. Co, 1982.
[408]
J. Whittam, Fascist Italy, vol. New frontiers in history. Manchester, U.K.: Distributed exclusively in the USA and Canada by St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
[409]
P. Morgan, Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945. London: Routledge, 2003.
[410]
R. Bridenthal, A. Grossmann, and M. A. Kaplan, When biology became destiny: women in Weimar and Nazi Germany, vol. New feminist library. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1984.
[411]
D. Forgacs, ‘Rethinking Italian fascism: capitalism, populism and culture’, in Rethinking Italian fascism: capitalism, populism and culture, London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1986, pp. 110–141 [Online]. Available: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=26b62515-47f9-e811-80cd-005056af4099
[412]
Maria Fraddosio, ‘The fallen hero: the myth of Mussolini and fascist women in the Italian Social Republic (1943-5)’, Journal of contemporary history, vol. 31, no. 1, 1996.
[413]
V. De Grazia, How fascism ruled women: Italy, 1922-1945. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
[414]
R. Griffin, Fascism, vol. Oxford readers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[415]
R. Grunberger, A social history of the Third Reich, vol. Penguin history. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1991.
[416]
I. Guenther, Nazi chic?: fashioning women in the Third Reich. Oxford: Berg, 2004.
[417]
J. M. Hoberman, Sport and political ideology. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984.
[418]
C. Koonz, Mothers in the fatherland: women, the family, and Nazi politics. New York: St. Martins Press, 1987.
[419]
M.-A. Macciocchi, ‘Female sexuality in Fascist ideology’, Feminist Review, no. 1, 1979.
[420]
T. W. Mason and J. Caplan, Nazism, fascism and the working class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
[421]
G. L. Mosse, Nationalism and sexuality: middle-class morality and sexual norms in modern Europe. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
[422]
G. L. Mosse, Nazi culture: intellectual, cultural and social life in the Third Reich, vol. George L. Mosse series in modern European cultural and intellectual history. Madison, Wisc: University of Wisconsin Press.
[423]
M. Neocleous, Fascism, vol. Concepts in the social sciences. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.
[424]
R. Scheck, Mothers of the nation: right-wing women in Weimar Germany. Oxford, 2004.
[425]
D. Schoenbaum, Hitler’s social revolution: class and status in Nazi Germany, 1933-1939. London: Norton, 1980.
[426]
K. Theweleit, Male fantasies. Vol. 1, Women, floods, bodies, history. Cambridge: Polity, 1987.
[427]
K. Theweleit, Male fantasies. Vol. 2, Male bodies : psychoanalyzing the white terror. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1989.
[428]
D. Mack Smith, Mussolini. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981.
[429]
C. G. Segráe, Italo Balbo: a fascist life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
[430]
R. Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley. Macmillan, 1975.
[431]
P. V. Cannistraro, Historical dictionary of fascist Italy. London: Greenwood Press, 1982.
[432]
C. P. Vincent and H. Ritter, A historical dictionary of Germany’s Weimar Republic, 1918-1933. London: Greenwood Press, 1997.