Abidin, C. (2016) ‘"Aren’t These Just Young, Rich Women Doing Vain Things Online?”: Influencer Selfies as Subversive Frivolity’, Social Media + Society, 2(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116641342.
Anders Albrechtslund (2008) ‘Online social networking as participatory surveillance’, First Monday, 13(3). Available at: http://firstmonday.org/article/view/2142/1949.
Andrejevic, M. (2002) ‘The work of being watched: interactive media and the exploitation of self-disclosure’, Critical Studies in Media Communication, 19(2), pp. 230–248. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/07393180216561.
Andrejevic, M. (2013) Infoglut: how too much information is changing the way we think and know. New York: Routledge. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=b1MXhS71t40C&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=%E2%80%9CIntroduction:+Infoglut+and+Clutter-Cutting&source=bl&ots=u8CSqBsFAM&sig=4GdaO4yV-jTbVYmAFyPT1xvW4GE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1-4OqxLzZAhUNb1AKHTHeAJ8Q6AEIUTAI#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Angwin, J. (2011) ‘How Much Should People Worry About the Loss of Online Privacy?’ Available at: http://bit.ly/2FygFVv.
Anne Jerslev (2016) ‘Media Times| In The Time of the Microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella’, International Journal of Communication, 10. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5078.
Becker, R. (2016) Why calling screen time ‘digital heroin’ is digital garbage. The Verge. Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2016/8/30/12715848/new-york-post-internet-texting-addiction-irresponsible-hysteria.
Benkler, Y. (2006) The wealth of networks: how social production transforms markets and freedom. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=3419996.
Börzsei, L.K. (2013) ‘Makes a Meme Instead: A Concise History of Internet Memes’. Available at: https://works.bepress.com/linda_borzsei/2/.
Bosker, B. (2016) Addicted to Your iPhone? You’re Not Alone. The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/11/the-binge-breaker/501122/.
boyd, danah (2011) ‘Debating Privacy in a Networked World for the WSJ’. Available at: http://www.zephoria.org/thoughts/archives/2011/11/20/debating-privacy-in-a-networked-world-for-the-wsj.html.
boyd, danah (2014) It’s complicated: the social lives of networked teens. New Haven: Yale University Press.
boyd, danah boyd and Hargattai, E. (2010) ‘Facebook privacy settings: Who cares?’, First Monday, 15(8). Available at: http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3086/2589.
boyd, danah and Crawford, K. (2011) ‘Six Provocations for Big Data’.
boyd, danah m. and Ellison, N.B. (2007) ‘Social Network sites: definition, history, and scholarship’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), pp. 210–230. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.
boyd, danah and Marwick, A. (2011) ‘Social Privacy in Networked Publics: Teens’ Attitudes, Practices, and Strategies’. Available at: http://www.danah.org/papers/2011/SocialPrivacyPLSC-Draft.pdf.
Bucher, T. (2012) ‘A Technicity of Attention: How Software “Makes Sense”’, Culture Machine, 13. Available at: https://www.culturemachine.net/index.php/cm/article/view/470/489.
Burgess, J. (2008) ‘All Your Chocolate Rain Are Belong to Us?’ Viral Video, YouTube  and the Dynamics of Participatory Culture’, in Video Vortex reader responses to YouTube. Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures. Available at: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/18431/1/18431.pdf.
Burkeman, O. (2009) Forty years of the internet: how the world changed for ever | Technology | The Guardian.
Burns, A. (2015) ‘Selfies self(ie)-discipline: social regulation as enacted through the discussion of photographic practice’, International Journal of Communication, 9. Available at: http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3138.
Christine M. Kowalczyk ; Kathrynn R. Pounders (2016) ‘Transforming celebrities through social media: the role of authenticity and emotional attachment’, Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25(4). Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1108/JPBM-09-2015-0969.
Christl, Wolfie (2017) ‘Corporate Surveillance In Everyday Life. How Companies Collect, Combine, Analyze, Trade, and Use Personal Data on Billions’. Available at: http://crackedlabs.org/en/corporate-surveillance.
Chung, S. and Cho, H. (2017) ‘Fostering Parasocial Relationships with Celebrities on Social Media: Implications for Celebrity Endorsement’, Psychology & Marketing, 34(4), pp. 481–495. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21001.
David Lyon (2002) ‘Surveillance Studies: understanding visibility, mobility and the phenetic fix.’, Surveillance & Society, 1(1), pp. 1–7.
van Dijck, J. (2013) ‘Facebook and the engineering of connectivity’, Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 19(2), pp. 141–155. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856512457548.
Dijck, J. van (2013) The culture of connectivity: a critical history of social media. New York: Oxford University Press.
van Dijck, J. (2014) ‘Datafication, dataism and dataveillance by prof.  José van Dijck - YouTube’. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOt2-HRWaYU.
Dredge, S. (2018) Mobile phone addiction? It’s time to take back control | Technology | The Guardian. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/27/mobile-phone-addiction-apps-break-the-habit-take-back-control?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Add_to_Evernote.
Ellison, N. and boyd, danah (2013) ‘Sociality through Social Network Sites’, in The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.google.se/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiIvo-xksHYAhXF2KQKHc-cC4wQFggsMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.danah.org%2Fpapers%2F2013%2FSocialityThruSNS-preprint.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3MM_hJLbR8SpZs024qXXOb.
Ellison, N.B., Steinfield, C. and Lampe, C. (2007) ‘The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:” Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), pp. 1143–1168. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x.
Erikson, T. (2007) Social Computing - The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. Available at: https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/book/the-encyclopedia-of-human-computer-interaction-2nd-ed.
Ferguson, C. (29AD) Technology is Not a Drug: Debunking the Biggest Myths About ‘Technology Addiction’. UNDARK: Truth, Beauty & Science. Available at: https://undark.org/article/technology-addiction-myths/.
Galloway, A.R. (2004) Protocol: how control exists after decentralization. Cambridge, Mass: MIT. Available at: http://bit.ly/2CY968K.
Ganesh, M. (2018) The Center for Humane Technology Doesn’t Want Your Attention. Cyborgology. Available at: https://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2018/02/09/the-center-for-humane-technology-doesnt-want-your-attention/.
Gauntlett, D. (2010) ‘David Gauntlett: Making is Connecting, January 2010 - YouTube’.
Gillespie, T. (2010) ‘The politics of “platforms”’, New Media & Society, 12(3), pp. 347–364. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738.
Gillespie, T. (2014) ‘The Relevance of Algorithms’, in Media Technologies. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6733906.
Gilroy-Ware, M. (2018) Laughing and crying online. New Internationalist. Available at: https://newint.org/features/2018/01/01/social-media-mental-health.
Goldcare, B. (2009) Datamining for terrorists would be lovely if it worked – Bad Science. Available at: http://www.badscience.net/2009/02/datamining-would-be-lovely-if-it-worked/.
Granovetter, M.S. (1973) ‘The Strength of Weak Ties’, American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), pp. 1360–1380. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1086/225469.
Hargittai, E.H. and Marwick, A. (2016) ‘"What Can I Really Do?” Explaining the Privacy Paradox with Online Apathy’, International Journal of Communication, 10. Available at: http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4655.
Harris, T. (2017) How Technology Hijacks People’s Minds. HuffPost. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/tristan-harris/how-technology-hijacks-peoples-minds_b_10155754.html.
Hearn, A. (2018) ‘Never get high on your own supply’ – why social media bosses don’t use social media. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/jan/23/never-get-high-on-your-own-supply-why-social-media-bosses-dont-use-social-media?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Add_to_Evernote.
Helmond, A. and Bucher, T. (2015) ‘The Affordances of Social Media Platforms’, in. Available at: http://www.annehelmond.nl/2016/08/01/the-affordances-of-social-media-platforms/.
‘History Of The Internet’ (2009). Available at: https://youtu.be/7NpczzIsnLU.
Ian Sample (2018) ‘What is the internet? 13 key questions answered’, Guardian [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/oct/22/what-is-the-internet-13-key-questions-answered.
Jenkins, H. (2009) If It Doesn’t Spread, It’s Dead (Part One): Media Viruses and Memes — Henry Jenkins. Available at: http://henryjenkins.org/2009/02/if_it_doesnt_spread_its_dead_p.html.
Jurvetson, S. (2000) ‘What exactly is viral marketing’. Available at: http://sites.google.com/site/kehowells/viral-marketing.pdf.
Kaplan, A.M. and Haenlein, M. (2010a) ‘Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media’, Business Horizons, 53(1), pp. 59–68. Available at: http://michaelhaenlein.eu/Publications/Kaplan,%20Andreas%20-%20Users%20of%20the%20world,%20unite.pdf.
Kaplan, A.M. and Haenlein, M. (2010b) ‘Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media’, Business Horizons, 53(1), pp. 59–68. Available at: http://michaelhaenlein.eu/Publications/Kaplan,%20Andreas%20-%20Users%20of%20the%20world,%20unite.pdf.
Kardaras, N. (2016) It’s ‘digital heroin’: How screens turn kids into psychotic junkies | New York Post. New York Times. Available at: https://nypost.com/2016/08/27/its-digital-heroin-how-screens-turn-kids-into-psychotic-junkies/.
Khamis, S., Ang, L. and Welling, R. (2017) ‘Self-branding, “micro-celebrity” and the rise of Social Media Influencers’, Celebrity Studies, 8(2), pp. 191–208. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292.
Kligler-Vilenchik, N. and Thorson, K. (2016) ‘Good citizenship as a frame contest: Kony2012, memes, and critiques of the networked citizen’, New Media & Society, 18(9), pp. 1993–2011. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815575311.
Knobel, M. & Lankshear, C (2007) ‘Online memes, affinities, and cultural production’, in A New Literacies Sampler. USA: Peter Lang, pp. 199–227. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283968435_Online_memes_affinities_and_cultural_production.
Lamerichs, N. (2018) ‘Elite male bodies: The circulation of alt-Right memes and the framing of politicians on Social Media’, Participations: Journal of Audience and Reception studies, 14(1). Available at: http://www.participations.org/Volume%2015/Issue%201/11.pdf.
Leon, S. (2012) I Can Haz an Internet Aesthetic?!? LOLCats and the Digital Marketplace. NEPCA Conference. Available at: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1094&context=nepca.
Lewis, P. (2017) ‘Our minds can be hijacked’: the tech insiders who fear a smartphone dystopia. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/05/smartphone-addiction-silicon-valley-dystopia.
Lisa Lebduska (2014) ‘Emoji, Emoji, What for Art Thou?’, Harlot: A Revealing Look at the Arts of Persuasion, 1(12). Available at: http://harlotofthearts.org/index.php/harlot/article/view/186/157.
Livingstone, S. (2008) ‘Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers’ use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression’, New Media & Society, 10(3), pp. 393–411. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444808089415.
MacKay, J. (2018) Why you’re not "addicted” to technology (and it’s dangerous to say so): An interview with behavioral designer Nir Eyal. RescueTime Blog. Available at: https://blog.rescuetime.com/nir-eyal-digital-distraction/.
Maheshwari, S. (2016) How Fake News Goes Viral: A Case Study. The New York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/business/media/how-fake-news-spreads.html.
Mark Andrejevic and Gates, K. (2014) ‘Big Data Surveillance: Introduction’, Surveillance & Society, 12(2), pp. 185–196. Available at: https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/bds_ed.
Marwick, A. and boyd, danah (2010) ‘I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience’, New Media & Society, 13(1), pp. 114–133. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810365313.
Marwick, A.E. (2015) ‘Instafame: Luxury Selfies in the Attention Economy’, Public Culture, 27(1 75), pp. 137–160. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2798379.
Milner, R. (2013) ‘Hacking the Social: Internet Memes, Identity Antagonism, and the Logic of Lulz.’, The Fibreculture Journal [Preprint]. Available at: http://twentytwo.fibreculturejournal.org/fcj-156-hacking-the-social-internet-memes-identity-antagonism-and-the-logic-of-lulz/.
Milner, R.M. (2018) The world made meme: public conversations and participatory media. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Mina, A.X. (2012) A Tale of Two Memes: The Powerful Connection Between Trayvon Martin and Chen Guangcheng - The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/a-tale-of-two-memes-the-powerful-connection-between-trayvon-martin-and-chen-guangcheng/259604/.
Mineo, L. (2017) When it comes to internet privacy, be very afraid, analyst suggests – Harvard Gazette. Available at: https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/08/when-it-comes-to-internet-privacy-be-very-afraid-analyst-suggests/.
Murray, D.C. (2015) ‘Notes to self: the visual culture of selfies in the age of social media’, Consumption Markets & Culture, 18(6), pp. 490–516. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2015.1052967.
Nancy K. Baym (2015) ‘Personal Connections in the Digital Age’, in. Available at: http://bit.ly/2lWY8ck.
Naughton, J. (2010) Everything you need to know about the internet | Technology | The Observer.
Naughton, J. (2015) Why we are resigned to giving our data to corporate spies | Opinion | The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/28/why-we-give-our-data-to-corporate-spies-surveillance.
Nick Couldry (2016) ‘The price of connection: “surveillance capitalism”’, The Conversation [Preprint]. Available at: https://theconversation.com/the-price-of-connection-surveillance-capitalism-64124.
Nooney, L. and Portwood-Stacer, L. (2014) ‘One Does Not Simply: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Internet Memes’, Journal of Visual Culture, 13(3), pp. 248–252. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470412914551351.
Obar, J.A. and Wildman, S. (2015) ‘Social media definition and the governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue’, Telecommunications Policy, 39(9), pp. 745–750. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2015.07.014.
Paasonen, S. (2016) ‘Fickle focus: Distraction, affect and the production of value in social media’, First Monday, 21(10). Available at: http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/6949/5629.
Papacharissi, Z. (2011) A networked self: identity, community and culture on social network sites. New York: Routledge.
Paul, A. (2007) What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education. Available at: http://gator.ndm.edu/~kyoon/Web%202.0/tsw0701b.pdf.
Provencher Langlois, Marion (no date) ‘Making Sense of “Memes”: Where They Came From and Why We Keep Clicking Them’, Inquiries Journal, 6(03). Available at: http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/879/making-sense-of-memes-where-they-came-from-and-why-we-keep-clicking-them.
Przybylski, A. and Orben, A. (2018) Why it’s too soon to classify gaming addiction as a mental disorder. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/head-quarters/2018/feb/14/gaming-addiction-as-a-mental-disorder-its-premature-to-pathologise-players.
Read, J. (2014) Distracted by Attention. The New Inquiry. Available at: https://thenewinquiry.com/distracted-by-attention/.
o’Reily, T. (2005) What Is Web 2.0 - O’Reilly Media. Available at: http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a//web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html.
Rettberg, J.W. (2009) ‘“Freshly Generated for You, and Barack Obama”’, European Journal of Communication, 24(4), pp. 451–466. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323109345715.
Rheingold, H. (2000) The virtual community: homesteading on the electronic frontier. Rev. ed. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Available at: http://www.rheingold.com/vc/book/.
Rodley, C. (2016) ‘When Memes Go to War: Viral Propaganda in the 2014 Gaza-Israel Conflict’, The Fibreculture Journal [Preprint], (Issue 27: Networked War/Conflict). Available at: http://twentyseven.fibreculturejournal.org/2016/03/18/fcj-200-when-memes-go-to-war-viral-propaganda-in-the-2014-gaza-israel-conflict/.
Scacco, J.M. and Muddiman, A. (2016) ‘Investigating the Influence of “Clickbait” News Headlines’. Engaging News Project Report. Available at: http://mediaengagement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ENP-Investigating-the-Influence-of-Clickbait-News-Headlines.pdf.
Schmidt, E. (2010) Every 2 Days We Create As Much Information As We Did Up To 2003. Techcrumch. Available at: https://techcrunch.com/2010/08/04/schmidt-data/.
Senft, T.M. (2013) ‘Microcelebrity and the Branded Self’, in J. Hartley, J. Burgess, and A. Bruns (eds) A Companion to New Media Dynamics. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 346–354. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118321607.ch22.
Seth Godin and Malcolm Gladwell (no date) Unleashing the Ideavirus. Do You Zoom. Available at: https://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/files/2000Ideavirus.pdf.
Shakya, H. and Christakis, N. (2017) ‘Association of Facebook Use With Compromised Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study’, American Journal of Epidemiology [Preprint]. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/185/3/203/2915143.
Sharma, S. and Nijjar, J. (2018) ‘The racialized surveillant assemblage: Islam and the fear of terrorism’, 16 (1), pp. 72–85. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15405702.2017.1412441.
Shepherd, T. et al. (2015) ‘Histories of Hating’, Social Media + Society, 1(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115603997.
Shifman, L. (2013a) ‘Memes in a Digital World: Reconciling with a Conceptual Troublemaker’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(3), pp. 362–377. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12013.
Shifman, L. (2013b) ‘Memes versus virals’, in Memes in Digital Culture. MIT. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6658668.
Shoshana Zuboff (2015) ‘Big Other: Surveillance Capitalism and the Prospects of an Information Civilization’, 30 (1), pp. 75–89. Available at: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=49122.
Sideways Dictionary (no date). Available at: https://sidewaysdictionary.com/#/.
Simon, P. (2018) Has dopamine got us hooked on tech? The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/04/has-dopamine-got-us-hooked-on-tech-facebook-apps-addiction.
Solove, Daniel J. (2007) ‘“I’ve Got Nothing to Hide” and Other Misunderstandings of Privacy’, 44. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=998565.
Tania, B. (2012) ‘A Technicity of Attention: How Software “Makes Sense”’, Culture Machine, 13. Available at: http://culturemachine.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/470-993-1-PB.pdf.
‘The Machine is Us/ing Us (Final Version) - YouTube’ (no date). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLlGopyXT_g&feature=youtu.be.
Theresa M. Senft (2015) ‘Selfies Introduction ~ What Does the Selfie Say? Investigating a Global Phenomenon’, International Journal of Communication, 9. Available at: http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/4067/1387.
Tiidenberg, K. (2014) ‘Bringing sexy back: Reclaiming the body aesthetic via self-shooting’, Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 8(1). Available at: https://cyberpsychology.eu/article/view/4295/3342.
Tim, B.-L. (no date) Frequently asked questions (The Internet & Web). Available at: https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html#InternetWeb.
Tim, O. (2005) What Is Web 2.0? O’Reilly Media. Available at: http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a//web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html.
Turkle, S. (no date) The inner history of devices. The MIT Press. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/book/6267443?bknumber=6267443.
Wark, M. (no date) A Hacker Manifesto [Version 4.0].
Wellman, B. (2002) ‘Little Boxes, Glocalization, and Networked Individualism’, in M. Tanabe, P. van den Besselaar, and T. Ishida (eds) Digital Cities II: Computational and Sociological Approaches. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 10–25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45636-8_2.
Xu, C. (2016) A Field Guide to China’s Most Indispensible Meme - Motherboard. Available at: https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/bmvd74/china-meme-face-a-biaoqing-field-guide.
Zeynap, T. (2016) Mark Zuckerberg Is in Denial. New York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/opinion/mark-zuckerberg-is-in-denial.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2Fzeynep-tufekci&action=click&contentCollection=opinion&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=collection.
Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S. and Martin, J. (2008) ‘Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships’, Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), pp. 1816–1836. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.02.012.
Zittrain, J. (2014) ‘Reflections on Internet Culture’, Journal of Visual Culture, 13(3), pp. 388–394. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470412914544540.