Bibliography for CO2030 - Global Communication BETA

A little history of the World Wide Web (no date). Available at: http://www.w3.org/History.html.

‘A world without absolutes’ (no date). Available at: http://www.opendemocracy.net/media-globalmediaownership/article_36.jsp.

Abrahamian, E. (2013) ‘The US media, Huntington and September 11th’, Third World Quarterly, 24(3). Available at: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/pnorris/Acrobat/Abrahamian_Clash.pdf.

Adorno and Horkheimer (no date) ‘Frankfurt School: the culture industry: enlightenment as mass deception’. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/adorno/1944/culture-industry.htm.

Allan, S. (2010) News culture. 3rd ed. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill/Open University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333805&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Amoore, L. (2005) The global resistance reader. London: Routledge.

Assaf, K. (no date) ‘Brand fetishism’, Connecticut Law Review [Preprint]. Available at: http://uconn.lawreviewnetwork.com/files/documents/KatyaAssaf43Conn.L.Rev.83.pdf.

Atton, C. (2004) An alternative Internet. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Balardini, F. (2012) ‘The self-destructive logic of Capitalism and the Occupy Movement’, Socialism and Democracy, 26(2), pp. 35–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2012.686267.

Balibar, E. and Wallerstein, I.M. (1991) Race, nation, class: ambiguous identities. London: Verso.

Benjamin B. Compaine (no date). Available at: http://compaine.bcompany.com/.

Benjamin Compaine (2002) ‘Global media’, Foreign Policy, (133), pp. 20–28. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3183548?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Bergesen, A. (1990) ‘Turning World-System theory on its head’, Theory, Culture & Society, 7(2), pp. 67–81. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/026327690007002006.

Bernays, E.L. and Miller, M.C. (2005) Propaganda. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Ig Pub.

‘Bob, Bono and Tony: the celebrity as a politician’ (2002) Media, Culture and Society, 24(3), pp. 422–441. Available at: https://www.leuphana.de/fileadmin/user_upload/PERSONALPAGES/Fakultaet_1/Behnke_Christoph/files/literaturarchiv/Street_Bob-Bono-Popular-artist.pdf.

Bolton, K.R. (2015) ‘Charlie Hebdo: where Neocons, Zionists, Masons and Communists converge’, Foreign Policy Journal [Preprint]. Available at: http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2015/01/27/charlie-hebdo-where-neocons-zionists-masons-and-communists-converge.

Bottici, C. and Challand, B. (2006) ‘Rethinking political myth: the clash of civilisations as self-fulfilling prophecy’, European Journal of Social Theory, 9(3). Available at: http://est.sagepub.com/content/9/3/315.short.

Boyd-Barrett, O. (no date) ‘Judith Miller, The New York Times, and the Propaganda Model’. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.148.8905&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

Boyne, R. (1990) ‘Culture and the World-System’, Theory, Culture & Society, 7(2), pp. 57–62. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/026327690007002004.

Calabrese, A. (2005) ‘Communication, global justice and the moral economy’, Global Media and Communication, 1(3), pp. 301–315. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766505058126.

Cammaerts, B., Carpentier, N., and European Communication Research and Education Association (2007) Reclaiming the media: communication rights and democratic media roles. Bristol: Intellect. Available at: https://intra.brunel.ac.uk/s/Library/Digital%20Readings/CO2030%20FENTON%20Contesting.pdf.

Carey, A., Chomsky, Noam, 1928- and Lohrey, A. (1997) Taking the risk out of democracy: corporate propaganda versus freedom and liberty. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois.

Chakravartty, P. and Sarikakis, K. (2006) Media policy and globalization. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Chomsky, N. (1989) Necessary illusions: thought control in democratic societies. London: Pluto. Available at: https://intra.brunel.ac.uk/s/Library/Digital%20Readings/CO2030%20CHOMSKY%20Democracy.pdf.

Cockburn, A. and St. Clair, J. (2000) Five days that shook the world: Seattle and beyond. London: Verso.

Compaine, B. (2004a) ‘Does Rupert Murdoch control the media?’, Reason Online [Preprint]. Available at: http://www.reason.com/news/show/29001.html.

Compaine, B. (2004b) ‘Does Rupert Murdoch control the media?’, Reason Online [Preprint]. Available at: http://www.reason.com/news/show/29001.html.

Compaine, B. (no date) ‘The media monopoly myth: how new competition is expanding our sources of information and entertainment’. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260402719.

Corner, J. (2003) ‘The model in question: a response to Klaehn on Herman and Chomsky’, European Journal of Communication, 18(3), pp. 367–375. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231030183004.

Cowhey, P.F., Aronson, J.D. and Abelson, D. (2009) Transforming global information and communication markets: the political economy of innovation. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=224048&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Culture, globalization, and the world-system (1991). Binghamton: Dept. of Art and Art History, State University of New York at Binghamton.

‘Cultures in conflict? Who are we? Who are the others?’ (2004) Journal of Interdisciplinary Crossroads, 1(3), pp. 505–521. Available at: http://www.iwallerstein.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/HKPAOJIC.PDF.

Davies, N. (2008) Flat Earth news: an award-winning reporter exposes falsehood, distortion and propaganda in the global media. London: Chatto & Windus.

Davis, A. (2000) ‘Public relations, news production and changing patterns of source access in the British national media’, Media, Culture & Society, 22(1), pp. 39–59. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/016344300022001003.

Davis, A. (2009a) Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Davis, A. (2009b) Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Davis, A. (2009c) Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Davis, A. (2010a) Political communication and social theory. London: Routledge. Available at: https://intra.brunel.ac.uk/s/Library/Digital%20Readings/CO2030%20DAVIS%20Search.pdf.

Davis, A. (2010b) Political communication and social theory. London: Routledge.

Davis, A. (2010c) Political communication and social theory. London: Routledge.

Davis, A. (2010d) Political communication and social theory. London: Routledge.

Deacon, D. (2007) Researching communications: a practical guide to methods in media and cultural analysis. 2nd edn. London: Hodder Arnold. Available at: https://intra.brunel.ac.uk/s/Library/Digital%20Readings/CO2030%20DEACON%20Approaching.pdf.

‘Defending Charlie Hebdo? Secularism, Islam and the war on error’ (2015) The Postcolonialist [Preprint]. Available at: http://postcolonialist.com/civil-discourse/defending-charlie-secularism-islam-war-error/.

DeLuca, K.M., Lawson, S. and Sun, Y. (2012) ‘Occupy Wall Street on the public screens of Social Media: the many framings of the birth of a Protest Movement’, Communication, Culture & Critique, 5(4), pp. 483–509. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2012.01141.x.

Doyle, G. (2002) Media ownership: the economics and politics of convergence and concentration in the UK and European media. London: SAGE. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=37021&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Dupont, C. and Passey, F. (2011) ‘The Arab Spring or how to explain those revolutionary episodes’’, Swiss Political Science Review [Preprint]. Available at: http://graduateinstitute.ch/webdav/site/iheid/shared/Winter/2012/Presentations_Cours/dupont_passy_debate_arab_spring_proof_read.pdf.

Eagleton, T. (2007) Ideology: an introduction. London: Verso.

‘Economic manuscripts: capital Vol. I - chapter one’ (no date). Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch01.htm#S4.

Economist debates (no date). Available at: http://debates.economist.com/.

‘Effects of election news coverage: how visibility and tone influence party choice’ (2010) Political communication, 27, pp. 389–405. Available at: http://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effects+of+election+news+coverage:+how+visibility+and+tone+influence+party+choice&rft.jtitle=Political+Communication&rft.au=Vliegenthart,+R&rft.au=Albæk,+E&rft.au=Hopmann,+D.N&rft.au=Vreese,+de,+C&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=1058-4609&rft.eissn=1091-7675&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.epage=405&rft.externalDocID=uvapub_oai_uva_nl_328115&paramdict=en-UK.

Eschle, C. (10AD) Critical theories, IR and ‘the Anti-Globalisation Movement’: the politics of global resistance (RIPE Series in Global Political Economy). Routledge.

Eurocentrism: Modernity, Religion, and Democracy: a critique of Eurocentrism and Culturalism (18AD). Pambazuka Press; 2nd edition.

Falcous, M. and Silk, M. (2005) ‘Manufacturing consent: mediated sporting spectacle and the cultural politics of the “War on Terror”’, International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics, 1(1), pp. 59–65. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1386/macp.1.1.59/3.

Fenton, N. (2008) ‘Mediating solidarity’, Global Media and Communication, 4(1), pp. 37–57. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766507086852.

‘Fetishism of digital commodities and hidden exploitation: the cases of Amazon and Apple’ (no date). Available at: http://libcom.org/library/fetishism-digital-commodities-hidden-exploitation-cases-amazon-apple.

Fisher, M. (2009) Capitalist realism: is there no alternative? Winchester: O Books.

Forbes (no date). Available at: http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/.

Franklin, B. (2014) ‘The future of journalism’, Journalism Practice, 8(5), pp. 469–487. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.942090.

Freedman, D. (2008) The politics of media policy. Cambridge, UK: Polity. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=504452&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Fuchs, C. (2010) ‘Alternative media as critical media’, European Journal of Social Theory, 13(2), pp. 173–192. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431010362294.

‘Further reply to the Langs’ (1AD) Political communication, 21. Available at: http://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Further+Reply+to+the+Langs&rft.jtitle=Political+Communication+%5BH.W.+Wilson+-+SSA%5D&rft.au=Herman%2C+Edward+S&rft.au=Chomsky%2C+Noam&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.pub=H.W.+Wilson+-+Social+Science+Abstracts&rft.issn=1058-4609&rft.eissn=1091-7675&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.externalDocID=600526821&paramdict=en-UK.

Global Action (no date). Available at: http://flag.blackened.net/global/.

Globalise resistance (no date). Available at: http://www.resist.org.uk/.

Gunaratne, S. (2002a) ‘An evolving triadic world: A theoretical framework for communication research’, Journal of World Systems Research [Preprint]. Available at: http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/tissa/files/2010/02/An_Evolving_Triadic_World.pdf.

Gunaratne, S. (2002b) ‘Freedom of the press: a world system perspective’, 64, pp. 343–369. Available at: http://gaz.sagepub.com/content/64/4/343.abstract.

Hawkes, D. (2003) Ideology. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

Heath, J. and Potter, A. (2006) The rebel sell: how the counterculture became consumer culture. [New ed]. Chichester: Capstone.

Held, D. and McGrew, A.G. (2003a) The global transformations reader: an introduction to the globalization debate. 2nd ed. Oxford: Polity Press.

Held, D. and McGrew, A.G. (2003b) The global transformations reader: an introduction to the globalization debate. 2nd ed. Oxford: Polity Press.

Held, D. and McGrew, A.G. (2007) Globalization/anti-globalization: beyond the great divide. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Herman, E. and Chomsky, N. (no date) ‘Manufacturing consent’. Available at: http://www.socialismonline.net/sites/default/files/Manufacturing%20Consent%20-%202002%20-%20by%20Chomsky%20and%20Herman.pdf.

Herman, E.S. (1999) The myth of the liberal media. New York: Peter Lang.

History of the internet, internet for historians (no date). Available at: http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/ivh/frame_theorie.html.

Hitchens, C. (2001) ‘Of sin, the left and Islamic fascism’, The Nation Magazine [Preprint]. Available at: http://www.thenation.com/article/sin-left-islamic-fascism/.

Hitchens, C. (2007) ‘Facing the Islamist menace’, The City Journal [Preprint]. Available at: http://www.actforamericaeducation.com/downloads/All_Files_by_Type/www-city-journal-org_html_17_1_urbanities-steyn-html_rqkzy1f.pdf.

Hoag, A. and Compaine, B. (2007) ‘Media entrepreneurship : missionaries and merchants’. Available at: http://compaine.bcompany.com/articles/hoag_compaine_AEJMC2007eship.pdf.

Hodkinson, P. (2011) Media, culture and society: an introduction. Los Angeles, Calif: SAGE. Available at: https://intra.brunel.ac.uk/s/Library/Digital%20Readings/CO2030%20HODKINSON%20Media.pdf.

Holton, R.J. (1992a) Economy and society. London: Routledge.

Holton, R.J. (1992b) Economy and society. London: Routledge.

Holton, R.J. (2005) Making globalization. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=86074&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Hovden, E. and Keene, E. (2002) The globalization of liberalism. Basingstoke: Palgrave in association with Millennium Journal of International Studies.

Hugill, P.J. and Center for American Places (1999) Global communications since 1844: geopolitics and technology. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Huntington, S. (no date) ‘The news media and the clash of civilisations’, Parameters, Winter 2004-2005’. Available at: https://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/04winter/seib.pdf.

Huntington, S.P. (2002) The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. London: Free Press.

Hutchison, D. (1999) Media policy: an introduction. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers. Available at: https://intra.brunel.ac.uk/s/Library/Digital%20Readings/CO2030%20HUTCHISON%20Introduction.pdf.

Independent Media Center (no date). Available at: https://www.indymedia.org/en/index.shtml.

Inglis, F. (1990) Media theory: an introduction. Oxford: Blackwell. Available at: https://intra.brunel.ac.uk/s/Library/Digital%20Readings/CO2030%20INGLIS%20Theories.pdf.

Jin, D.Y. (2008) ‘Neoliberal restructuring of the global communication system: mergers and acquisitions’, Media, Culture & Society, 30(3), pp. 357–373. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443708088792.

Jones, N. (1996) Soundbites and spin doctors: how politicians manipulate the media - and vice versa. London: Indigo.

Jones, O. (2014) The Establishment and how they get away with it. London: Allen Lane.

Journal of world-systems research (no date). Available at: http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr.

Kaldor, M. (2003) Global civil society: an answer to war. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Katsiaficas, G. and Yung, E. (2001) The Battle of Seattle: debating corporate globalisation and the WTO. New York [USA]: Soft Skull.

Kay, J.A. (2003) The truth about markets: their genius, their limits, their follies. London: Allen Lane.

Keane, J. (2003) Global civil society? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Khondker, H.H. (2011) ‘Role of the New Media in the Arab Spring’, Globalizations, 8(5), pp. 675–679. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2011.621287.

Klaehn, J. (2002) ‘A critical review and assessment of Herman and Chomsky’s`Propaganda Model’’, European Journal of Communication, 17(2), pp. 147–182. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323102017002691.

Klaehn, J. (2003a) ‘Behind the invisible curtain of scholarly criticism: revisiting the propaganda model’, Journalism Studies, 4(3), pp. 359–369. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700306487.

Klaehn, J. (2003b) ‘Model construction: various other epistemological concerns: a reply to John Corner’s commentary on the Propaganda Model’, European Journal of Communication, 18(3), pp. 377–383. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231030183005.

Klein, N. (2010) No logo: no space, no choice, no jobs. Updated ed. New York, NY.: Picador.

Lacy, M.J. and Wilkin, P. (2005) Global politics in the information age. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Lippmann, W. (1922) Public opinion. New York: Macmillan. Available at: http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj7vP-44rjLAhWEWRoKHaAYDAsQFggzMAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwps.pearsoncustom.com%2Fwps%2Fmedia%2Fobjects%2F2429%2F2487430%2Fpdfs%2Flippmann.pdf&usg=AFQjCNEiA0WN1JOVS_itfSe4eCkb01-2XA&sig2=B-cWrL65uDwoNPwG6-aWDQ.

Lloyd, J. and Demos (Organization: London, England) (2001) The protest ethic: how the anti-globalisation movement challenges social democracy. London: Demos.

Louw, P.E. (2010a) The media and political process. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Louw, P.E. (2010b) The media and political process. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.

Lukâacs, G. (1971) History and class consciousness: studies in Marxist dialectics. London: Merlin Press.

‘Majority of campaign commercials are attack ads – CNN Political Ticker - CNN.com Blogs’ (27AD). Available at: http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/08/27/majority-of-campaign-commercials-are-attack-ads/.

Mapping global media policy (no date). Available at: http://www.globalmediapolicy.net/.

Mcchesney, R.W. (25AD) Policing the thinkable. openDemocracy. Available at: http://www.opendemocracy.net/media-globalmediaownership/article_56.jsp.

McChesney, R.W. (2000) ‘The political economy of communication and the future of the field’, Media, Culture & Society, 22(1), pp. 109–116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/016344300022001006.

McChesney, R.W. (2002) ‘It’s a wrap? Why media matters to democracy’, openDemocracy [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.opendemocracy.net/media-globalmediaownership/article_61.jsp.

McNair, B. (2011) An introduction to political communication. 5th ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=310390&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

McPhail, T.L. (2014) Global communication: theories, stakeholders, and trends. 4th ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=545331&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

‘Media corporations versus democracy: a response to Benjamin Compaine | openDemocracy’ (no date). Available at: https://www.opendemocracy.net/media-globalmediaownership/article_60.jsp.

Media lens - news analysis and media criticism (no date). Available at: http://www.medialens.org/.

Michels, R. (1962) Political parties: a sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracy ; translated by Eden and Cedar Paul; introduction by Seymour Martin Lipset. New York: Collier-Macmillan.

Morozov, E. (2011) The net delusion: how not to liberate the world. London: Allen Lane.

Mosco, V. and Mosco, V. (2009a) The political economy of communication. 2nd ed. Los Angeles, [Calif.]: SAGE.

Mosco, V. and Mosco, V. (2009b) The political economy of communication. 2nd ed. Los Angeles, [Calif.]: SAGE.

Mosco, V. and Mosco, V. (2009c) The political economy of communication. 2nd ed. Los Angeles, [Calif.]: SAGE.

Mosco, V. and Mosco, V. (2009d) The political economy of communication. 2nd ed. Los Angeles, [Calif.]: SAGE.

Needham, C. (no date a) ‘Brand leaders: Clinton, Blair and the limits of the permanent campaign’, Political Studies [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Catherine_Needham/publication/4780035_Brand_Leaders_Clinton_Blair_and_the_Limitations_of_the_Permanent_Campaign/links/5492c6260cf2302e1d07406d.pdf.

Needham, C. (no date b) ‘Brands and political loyalty’, The Journal of Brand Management [Preprint]. Available at: http://faculty.mu.edu.sa/public/uploads/1357377414.68220200146.pdf.

Negrine, R.M. (2007) The professionalisation of political communication. Bristol: Intellect.

Negrine, R.M. (2008) The transformation of political communication: continuities and changes in media and politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Negrine, R.M. and Stanyer, J. (2007) The political communication reader. London: Routledge.

‘Obama’s skin tone darker in Clinton ad’ (no date). Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/03/04/obama-skin-tone-darker-in_n_89829.html.

Olesen, T. (no date) ‘Transnational publics: new spaces of Social Movement Activism and the problem of global long-sightedness’, Current Sociology, 53, pp. 419–440. Available at: http://csi.sagepub.com/search?author1=Olesen&fulltext=Transnational%20Publics:%20New%20Spaces%20of%20Social%20Movement%20Activism%20and%20the%20Problem%20of%20Global%20Long-Sightedness&pubdate_year=2005&volume=53&firstpage=419&submit=yes.

Palmer, J. (2002) ‘Smoke and mirrors: is that the way it is? Themes in political marketing’, Media, Culture & Society, 24(3), pp. 345–363. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/016344370202400304.

Peoples Global Action - PGA (no date). Available at: https://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/en/.

Pickard, V. (2007) ‘Neoliberal visions and revisions in global communications policy from NWICO to WSIS’, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 31(2), pp. 118–139. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859906298162.

Polet, F. and Centre Tricontinental (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) (2004) Globalizing resistance: the state of struggle. London: Pluto.

Review by:              Jeff Goodwin (1994) ‘Review: What’s right (and wrong) about left media criticism? Herman and Chomsky’s Propaganda Model’, Sociological Forum, 9(1), pp. 101–111. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/684944?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Rheingold, H. (2002) Smart mobs: the next social revolution. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Pub. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,shib&custid=s1123049&direct=true&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=489369&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

Roberts, M. and McCombs, M. (1994) ‘Agenda setting and political advertising: Origins of the news agenda’, Political Communication, 11(3), pp. 249–262.

Saeed, A. (2007) ‘Media, racism and Islamophobia: the representation of Islam and Muslims in the media’, Sociology Compass, 1(2), pp. 443–462. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00039.x.

Said, E. (2004) ‘Orientalism once more’, Development and Change, 35(5), pp. 869–879. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2004.00383.x.

Samman, K. and Al-Zo’hby, M. (no date) ‘Islam and the Orientalist world-system’.

Scheufele, D.A. and Tewksbury, D. (2007) ‘Framing, agenda setting, and priming: the evolution of three media effects models’, Journal of Communication, 57(1), pp. 9–20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x.

Scott, B. (2005) ‘A contemporary history of digital journalism’, Television & New Media, 6(1), pp. 89–126. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476403255824.

Slann, M. (2015) ‘Comparing Islamism, fascism and communism’. Available at: http://dspace.uttyler.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10950/249/Comparing%20Islamism%20Fascism%20and%20Communism.pdf?sequence=1.

Society of the Spectacle (no date). Available at: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/debord/society.htm.

‘Solidarity in a global age: Seattle and beyond’ (2000) Journal of World Systems Research, 6. Available at: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/10564/1/FullText.pdf.

Sparks, C. (no date) ‘Extending and Refining the Propaganda Model’, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 4(2), pp. 68–84. Available at: http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi769-UgrnLAhWL0xoKHWgjANQQFggrMAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminsterpapers.org%2Farticles%2F10.16997%2Fwpcc.86%2Fgalley%2F85%2Fdownload%2F&usg=AFQjCNFyyNi4Ns_RCyrfb4dJNsJyLpQBiA&sig2=9IIawF1d7sVODm4pBAvlPA.

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