[1]
Abramson, P.R. et al. 2013. The British general election of 2010 under different voting rules. Electoral Studies. 32, 1 (Mar. 2013), 134–139. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2012.10.002.
[2]
Alistair Clark 2018. Political parties in the UK. Palgrave Macmillan.
[3]
Anthony Heath, Geoffrey Evans and Jean Martin 1994. The measurement of core beliefs and values: The development of balanced Socialist/Laissez Faire and Libertarian/Authoritarian scales. British Journal of Political Science. 24, 1 (1994).
[4]
Ball, A.R. 1987. British political parties: the emergence of a modern party system. Macmillan Education.
[5]
Barry, B. 1978. Sociologists, economists and democracy. University of Chicago Press.
[6]
Bartle, J. 2003. Measuring party identification: an exploratory study with focus groups. Electoral Studies. 22, 2 (Jun. 2003), 217–237. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(02)00013-6.
[7]
Bartle, J. 2003. Partisanship, performance and personality: Competing and complementary characterizations of the 2001 British general election. Party Politics. 9, 3 (May 2003), 317–345. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068803009003003.
[8]
Bartle, J. 2003. Partisanship, performance and personality: Competing and complementary characterizations of the 2001 British general election. Party Politics. 9, 3 (May 2003), 317–345. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068803009003003.
[9]
Bartle, J. 2000. Political awareness, opinion constraint and the stability of ideological positions. Political Studies. 48, 3 (Aug. 2000), 467–484. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00270.
[10]
Bartle, J. et al. 2002. Political communications: the general election of 2001. Frank Cass.
[11]
Bartolini, S. and Mair, P. 1990. Identity, competition and electoral availability: the stabilisation of European electorates 1885-1985. Cambridge University Press.
[12]
Bartolini, S. and Mair, P. 1990. Identity, competition and electoral availability: the stabilisation of European electorates 1885-1985. Cambridge University Press.
[13]
BBC - Homepage: http://www.bbc.co.uk/.
[14]
Beattie, A. 1970. English party politics: Vol.1: 1600[i.e. 1660]-1906. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
[15]
Beattie, A. 1970. English party politics: Vol.2: The twentieth century. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
[16]
Bennie, L. and Clark, A. 2008. The transformation of local politics? STV and the 2007 Scottish local government elections. Representation. 44, 3 (Sep. 2008), 225–238. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890802237007.
[17]
Bennie, L. and Clark, A. 2003. Towards moderate pluralism: Scotland’s post-devolution party system, 1999-2002. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 13, 1 (2003), 134–155. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880308413091.
[18]
Bennie, L.G. 2002. British elections & parties review: Vol. 12: The 2001 General election. Frank Cass.
[19]
Bennie, L.G. 2002. British elections & parties review: Vol. 12: The 2001 General election. Frank Cass.
[20]
Bennie, L.G. 2002. British elections & parties review: Vol. 12: The 2001 General election. Frank Cass.
[21]
Bennie, L.G. 2002. British elections & parties review: Vol. 12: The 2001 General election. Frank Cass.
[22]
Bennie, L.G. 2002. British elections & parties review: Vol. 12: The 2001 General election. Frank Cass.
[23]
Bennie, L.G. 2002. British elections & parties review: Vol. 12: The 2001 General election. Frank Cass.
[24]
Bennie, L.G. 2002. British elections & parties review: Vol. 12: The 2001 General election. Frank Cass.
[25]
Bennie, L.G. et al. 1997. How Scotland votes: Scottish parties and elections. Manchester University Press.
[26]
Bennie, L.G. et al. 1997. How Scotland votes: Scottish parties and elections. Manchester University Press.
[27]
Blackburn, R. 1995. The electoral system in Britain. The electoral system in Britain. Macmillan. 362–430.
[28]
Bogdanor, V. 1983. Democracy and elections: electoral systems and their political consequences. Democracy and elections: electoral systems and their political consequences. Cambridge University Press. 1–19.
[29]
Bogdanor, V. and Butler, D. 1983. Democracy and elections: electoral systems and their political consequences. Cambridge University Press.
[30]
Bohrer II, R.E. and Krutz, G.S. 2004. Duverger and devolution: a note on the effects of new electoral rules in the UK. Electoral Studies. 23, 2 (Jun. 2004), 315–327. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(02)00060-4.
[31]
Brand, J. et al. Social constituency and ideological profile: Scottish nationalism in the 1990s. Social constituency and ideological profile: Scottish nationalism in the 1990s. 42, 4, 616–629.
[32]
Brandenburg, H. and Johns, R. 2014. The declining representativeness of the British Party System, and why it matters. Political Studies. 62, 4 (Dec. 2014), 703–703. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12172.
[33]
Brennan, G. and Lomasky, L.E. 1993. Democracy and decision: the pure theory of electoral preference. Cambridge University Press.
[34]
Broughton, D. and Donovan, M. 1999. Changing party systems in Western Europe. Pinter.
[35]
Brynin, M. and Sanders, D. 1997. Party identification, political preferences and material conditions: Evidence from the British household panel survey, 1991-2. Party Politics. 3, 1 (Jan. 1997), 53–77. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068897003001003.
[36]
Butler, D. and Stokes, D.E. 1969. Political change in Britain: forces shaping electoral choice. Macmillan.
[37]
Butler, D. and Stokes, D.E. 1969. Political change in Britain: forces shaping electoral choice. Macmillan.
[38]
Butt, S. 2006. How voters evaluate economic competence: A comparison between parties in and out of power. Political Studies. 54, 4 (Dec. 2006), 743–766. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2006.00631.x.
[39]
Campbell, R. and Winters, K. 2008. Understanding men’s and women’s political interests: Evidence from a study of gendered political attitudes. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 18, 1 (Feb. 2008), 53–74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457280701858623.
[40]
Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. 2010. Linking coalition attitudes and split-ticket voting: The Scottish Parliament elections of 2007. Electoral Studies. 29, 3 (Sep. 2010), 381–391. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2010.03.002.
[41]
Clark, A. 2012. Party organization and concurrent multi-level local campaigning: The 2007 Scottish elections under MMP and STV. Party Politics. 18, 4 (Jul. 2012), 603–622. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068810386840.
[42]
Clark, A. 2012. Political parties in the UK. Palgrave Macmillan.
[43]
Clarke, H. et al. 2006. Taking the bloom off new Labour’s rose: Party choice and voter turnout in Britain, 2005. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 16, 1 (Feb. 2006), 3–36. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500504978.
[44]
Clarke, H. et al. 2006. Taking the bloom off New Labour’s rose: Party choice and voter turnout in Britain, 2005. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 16, 1 (Feb. 2006), 3–36. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500504978.
[45]
Clarke, H. et al. 2011. Valence politics and electoral choice in Britain, 2010. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 21, 2 (May 2011), 237–253. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2011.562614.
[46]
Clarke, H.D. 2009. Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge University Press.
[47]
Clarke, H.D. 2009. Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge University Press.
[48]
Clarke, H.D. 2009. Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge University Press.
[49]
Clarke, H.D. 2009. Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge University Press.
[50]
Clarke, H.D. 2009. Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge University Press.
[51]
Clarke, H.D. 2009. Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge University Press.
[52]
Clarke, H.D. 2009. Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge University Press.
[53]
Clarke, H.D. 2009. Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge University Press.
[54]
Clarke, H.D. 2004. Political choice in Britain. Oxford University Press.
[55]
Clarke, H.D. 2004. Political choice in Britain. Oxford University Press.
[56]
Clarke, H.D. 2004. Political choice in Britain. Oxford University Press.
[57]
Clarke, H.D. 2004. Political choice in Britain. Oxford University Press.
[58]
Clarke, H.D. 2004. Political choice in Britain. Oxford University Press.
[59]
Clarke, H.D. 2004. Political choice in Britain. Oxford University Press.
[60]
Clarke, H.D. et al. 2009. The American voter’s British cousin. Electoral Studies. 28, 4 (Dec. 2009), 632–641. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2009.05.019.
[61]
Clarke, H.D. et al. 2009. The American voter’s British cousin. Electoral Studies. 28, 4 (Dec. 2009), 632–641. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2009.05.019.
[62]
Clements, B. and Bartle, J. 2009. The european issue and party choice at British general elections, 1974–2005. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 19, 4 (Nov. 2009), 377–411. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457280903275188.
[63]
Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher 1997. Local elections in Britain. Routledge.
[64]
Colomer, J.M. 1991. Benefits and costs of voting. Electoral Studies. 10, 4 (Dec. 1991), 313–325. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(91)90023-L.
[65]
Cowley, P. 2000. British elections & parties review: Volume 10: [2000]. Frank Cass.
[66]
Cowley, P. 2000. British elections & parties review: Volume 10: [2000]. Frank Cass.
[67]
Cowley, P. 2000. British elections & parties review: Volume 10: [2000]. Frank Cass.
[68]
Cowley, P. and Ford, R.A. eds. 2016. More sex, lies & the ballot box: another 50 things you need to know about British elections. Biteback Publishing.
[69]
Cowley, P. and Ford, R.A. eds. 2014. Sex, lies & the ballot box: 50 things you need to know about British elections. Biteback Publishing.
[70]
Cox, G.W. 1987. The efficient secret: the cabinet and the development of political parties in Victorian England. Cambridge University Press.
[71]
Crewe, I. and Harrop, M. 1989. Political communications: the general election campaign of 1987. Cambridge University Press.
[72]
Curtice, J. 2007. STV goes tartan: A preliminary analysis of its use in the 2007 Scottish local elections. Representation. 43, 3 (Sep. 2007), 209–216. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890701463688.
[73]
Curtice, J. 2005. Turnout: Electors stay at home – again. Parliamentary affairs. (2005).
[74]
Curtice, J. and Marsh, M. 2014. Confused or competent? How voters use the STV ballot paper. Electoral Studies. 34, (Jun. 2014), 146–158. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.11.002.
[75]
Curtice, J. and Marsh, M. 2008. How did they vote? Voters’ use of the STV ballot paper in the 2007 Scottish local elections. Representation. 44, 4 (Nov. 2008), 285–300. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890802422831.
[76]
Cutts, D. et al. 2012. Laying the foundations for electoral success: Conservative pre-campaign canvassing before the 2010 UK general election. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 22, 3 (Aug. 2012), 359–375. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2012.694888.
[77]
Cutts, D. et al. 2007. Voter turnout in British south Asian communities at the 2001 general election. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 9, 3 (Aug. 2007), 396–412. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2006.00261.x.
[78]
Cutts, D. 2006. "Where we work we win”: A case study of local Liberal Democrat campaigning. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 16, 3 (Oct. 2006), 221–242. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880600950501.
[79]
Cutts, D. et al. 2014. With a little help from my neighbours: A spatial analysis of the impact of local campaigns at the 2010 British general election. Electoral Studies. 34, (Jun. 2014), 216–231. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.12.001.
[80]
Cutts, D. and Shryane, N. 2006. Did local activism really matter? Liberal Democrat campaigning and the 2001 British general election. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 8, 3 (Aug. 2006), 427–444. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2006.00232.x.
[81]
D. T. Denver et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[82]
Dalton, R.J. 1988. Citizen politics in western democracies: public opinion and political parties in the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and France. Chatham House Publishers.
[83]
Dalton, R.J. 1988. Citizen politics in western democracies: public opinion and political parties in the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and France. Chatham House Publishers.
[84]
Dalton, R.J. 1996. Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies. Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies. Chatham House Publishers. 196–219.
[85]
Denver, D. 2008. Another reason to support marriage? Turnout and the decline of marriage in Britain. British Journal of Politics & International Relations. 10, 4 (Nov. 2008), 666–680. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2008.00329.x.
[86]
Denver, D. et al. 2003. Constituency campaigning in Britain 1992-2001: Centralization and modernization. Party Politics. 9, 5 (Sep. 2003), 541–559. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688030095002.
[87]
Denver, D. et al. 2004. The electoral impact of constituency campaigning in Britain, 1992-2001. Political Studies. 52, 2 (Jun. 2004), 289–306. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2004.00480.x.
[88]
Denver, D. and Hands, G. 1997. Challengers, incumbents and the impact of constituency campaigning in Britain. Electoral Studies. 16, 2 (Jun. 1997), 175–193. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(96)00065-0.
[89]
Denver, D. and Hands, G. 1990. Issues, principles or ideology? How young voters decide. Electoral Studies. 9, 1 (Mar. 1990), 19–36. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(90)90039-B.
[90]
Denver, D. and Hands, G. 2004. Labour’s targeted constituency campaigning: nationally directed or locally produced? Electoral Studies. 23, 4 (Dec. 2004), 709–726. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2003.10.005.
[91]
Denver, D. and Hands, G. 1997. Turnout. Parliamentary affairs. (1997).
[92]
Denver, D. T. and Hands, Gordon 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[93]
Denver, D.T. 1998. British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. Frank Cass.
[94]
Denver, D.T. 1998. British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. Frank Cass.
[95]
Denver, D.T. 1998. British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. Frank Cass.
[96]
Denver, D.T. 1998. British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. Frank Cass.
[97]
Denver, D.T. 1998. British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. Frank Cass.
[98]
Denver, D.T. 1998. British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. Frank Cass.
[99]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[100]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan. 53–89.
[101]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[102]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[103]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[104]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[105]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[106]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[107]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[108]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[109]
Denver, D.T. et al. 2012. Elections and voters in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
[110]
Denver, D.T. 1994. Elections and voting behaviour in Britain. Elections and voting behaviour in Britain. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[111]
Denver, D.T. 1994. Elections and voting behaviour in Britain. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[112]
Denver, D.T. 1994. Elections and voting behaviour in Britain. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[113]
Denver, D.T. 1994. Elections and voting behaviour in Britain. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[114]
DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) 1993. BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.
[115]
DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) 1993. BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.
[116]
DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) 1993. BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.
[117]
DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) 1993. BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.
[118]
DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) 1993. BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.
[119]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[120]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[121]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[122]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[123]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[124]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[125]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[126]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[127]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[128]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[129]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[130]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[131]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[132]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[133]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[134]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[135]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[136]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[137]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[138]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1992. Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[139]
Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. 1997. Modern constituency electioneering: local campaigning in the 1992 general election. F. Cass.
[140]
Dowding, K. 2005. Is it rational to vote? Five types of answer and a suggestion. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 7, 3 (Aug. 2005), 442–459. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2005.00188.x.
[141]
Dowding, K.M. 1991. Rational choice and political power. Elgar.
[142]
Dowding, K.M. and King, D.S. 1995. Preferences, institutions, and rational choice. Clarendon Press.
[143]
Dowding, K.M. and King, D.S. 1995. Preferences, institutions, and rational choice. Clarendon Press.
[144]
Downs, A. 1957. An economic theory of democracy. Harper & Row.
[145]
Dunleavy, P. 1991. Democracy, bureaucracy and public choice: economic explanations in political science. Harvester.
[146]
Dunleavy, P. 1991. Democracy, bureaucracy and public choice: economic explanations in political science. Harvester.
[147]
Dunleavy, P. et al. 1992. Replaying the Election. Parliamentary Affairs. (1992).
[148]
Dunleavy, P. 2005. The impact of UK electoral systems. Parliamentary Affairs. 58, 4 (Oct. 2005), 854–870. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsi068.
[149]
Dunleavy, P. 1980. The political implications of sectorial cleavages and the growth of state employment: Part 1, the analysis of production cleavages. Political Studies. 28, 3 (Sep. 1980), 364–383.
[150]
Dunleavy, P. and Husbands, C.T. 1985. British democracy at the crossroads: voting and party competition in the 1980s. Allen & Unwin.
[151]
Dunleavy, P. and Husbands, C.T. 1985. British democracy at the crossroads: voting and party competition in the 1980s. British democracy at the crossroads: voting and party competition in the 1980s. Allen & Unwin. 147–181.
[152]
Dunleavy, P. and Margetts, H. 1999. Mixed electoral systems in Britain and the Jenkins Commission on electoral reform. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 1, 1 (Apr. 1999), 12–38. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.00002.
[153]
Dunleavy, P. and Margetts, H. 1997. The electoral system. Parliamentary Affairs. (1997).
[154]
Electoral Commission | 2005 UK general election results: http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/elections-and-referendums/past-elections-and-referendums/uk-general-elections/2005-uk-general-election-results.
[155]
Evans, E.J. 1985. Political parties in Britain: 1783-1867. Methuen.
[156]
Evans, G. 1999. Economics and politics revisited: Exploring the decline in conservative support, 1992-1995. Political Studies. 47, 1 (Mar. 1999), 139–151. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00193.
[157]
Evans, G. 1999. Economics, politics and the pursuit of exogeneity: Why Pattie, Johnston and Sanders are wrong. Political Studies. 47, 5 (Dec. 1999), 933–938. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00239.
[158]
Evans, G. 2000. Euroscepticism and Conservative electoral support: How an asset became a liability. British journal of political science. 28, 04 (2000), 573–590.
[159]
Evans, G. et al. 1991. Modelling trends in the class/party relationship 1964–87. Electoral Studies. 10, 2 (Jun. 1991), 99–117. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(91)90042-Q.
[160]
Evans, G. and Duffy, M. 1997. Beyond the sectarian divide: The social bases and political consequences of Nationalist and Unionist Party Competition in Northern Ireland. British journal of political science. 27, 1 (Jan. 1997), 47–81. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123497000033.
[161]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[162]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[163]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[164]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[165]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[166]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[167]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[168]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[169]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[170]
Evans, G. and Norris, P. 1999. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE.
[171]
Evans, J. 2004. Voters & voting: an introduction. SAGE.
[172]
Evans, J. 2004. Voters & voting: an introduction. SAGE.
[173]
Evans, J. 2004. Voters & voting: an introduction. SAGE.
[174]
Evans, J. 2004. Voters & voting: an introduction. SAGE.
[175]
Evans, J. 2004. Voters & voting: an introduction. SAGE.
[176]
Farrell, D.M. 1996. British elections and parties yearbook. 1996. Frank Cass.
[177]
Farrell, D.M. 1996. British elections and parties yearbook. 1996. Frank Cass.
[178]
Farrell, D.M. 1996. British elections and parties yearbook. 1996. Frank Cass.
[179]
Farrell, D.M. 1996. British elections and parties yearbook. 1996. Frank Cass.
[180]
Farrell, D.M. 1997. Comparing electoral systems. Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[181]
Farrell, D.M. et al. 1996. Designing electoral institutions: STV systems and their consequences. Political studies. 44, 1 (1996), 24–43.
[182]
Farrell, D.M. and Gallagher, M. 1999. British voters and their criteria for evaluating electoral systems. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 1, 3 (Oct. 1999), 293–316. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.00017.
[183]
Field, W.H. 1997. Policy and the British voter: Council housing, social change, and party preference in the 1980s. Electoral Studies. 16, 2 (Jun. 1997), 195–202. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(97)00008-5.
[184]
Field, W.H. 1997. Regional dynamics: the basis of electoral support in Britain. Frank Cass.
[185]
Fieldhouse, E. and Russell, A. 2001. Latent Liberalism?: Sympathy and support for the Liberal Democrats at the 1997 British general election. Party Politics. 7, 6 (Nov. 2001), 711–738. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068801007006003.
[186]
Fiorina, M.P. 1981. Retrospective voting in American national elections. Yale University Press.
[187]
Fisher, D.J. et al. 2005. The General Election 2005: Campaign Analysis.
[188]
Fisher, J. et al. 2016. Is all campaigning equally positive? The impact of district level campaigning on voter turnout at the 2010 British general election. Party Politics. 22, 2 (Mar. 2016), 215–226. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815605672.
[189]
Fisher, J. et al. 2016. Is all campaigning equally positive? The impact of district level campaigning on voter turnout at the 2010 British general election. Party Politics. 22, 2 (Mar. 2016), 215–226. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815605672.
[190]
Fisher, J. et al. 2013. Members are not the only fruit: Volunteer activity in British political parties at the 2010 general election. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations. (Feb. 2013), n/a-n/a. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.12011.
[191]
Fisher, J. 1999. Party expenditure and electoral prospects: a national level analysis of Britain. Electoral Studies. 18, 4 (Dec. 1999), 519–532. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00021-9.
[192]
Fisher, J. et al. 2011. The electoral effectiveness of constituency campaigning in the 2010 British general election: The ‘triumph’ of Labour? Electoral Studies. 30, 4 (Dec. 2011), 816–828. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2011.08.002.
[193]
Fisher, J. et al. 2006. The relative electoral impact of central party co-ordination and size of party membership at constituency level. Electoral Studies. 25, 4 (Dec. 2006), 664–676. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2005.10.001.
[194]
Fisher, J. et al. 2006. Unsung heroes: Constituency election agents in British general elections. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 8, 4 (Nov. 2006), 569–586. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2006.00238.x.
[195]
Fisher, J. 2013. You get what you (don’t) pay for: The impact of volunteer labour and candidate spending at the 2010 British General Election. Parliamentary Affairs. (2013). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gst006.
[196]
Fisher, J. et al. 2014. You Get What You (don’t) Pay for: The Impact of Volunteer Labour and Candidate Spending at the 2010 British General Election. Parliamentary Affairs. 67, 4 (Oct. 2014), 804–824. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gst006.
[197]
Fisher, J. and Denver, D. 2009. Evaluating the electoral effects of traditional and modern modes of constituency campaigning in Britain 1992-2005. Parliamentary Affairs. 62, 2 (Jan. 2009), 196–210. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsn051.
[198]
Fisher, J. and Denver, D. 2008. From foot-slogging to call centres and direct mail: A framework for analysing the development of district-level campaigning. European Journal of Political Research. 47, 6 (Oct. 2008), 794–826. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2008.00785.x.
[199]
Fisher, J.T. 1999. British elections & parties review: Vol. 9. Frank Cass.
[200]
Fisher, J.T. 1999. British elections & parties review: Vol. 9. Frank Cass.
[201]
Fisher, J.T. 1999. British elections & parties review: Vol. 9. Frank Cass.
[202]
Fisher, J.T. 1999. British elections & parties review: Vol. 9. Frank Cass.
[203]
Fisher, J.T. 1999. British elections & parties review: Vol. 9. Frank Cass.
[204]
Fisher, J.T. 1996. British political parties. Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[205]
Fisher, J.T. 1996. British political parties. Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf.
[206]
Franklin, M.N. et al. 1992. Electoral change: responses to evolving social and attitudinal structures in western countries. Cambridge University Press.
[207]
Franklin, M.N. 1985. The decline of class voting in Britain: changes in the basis of electoral choice, 1964-1983. Clarendon.
[208]
Galatas, S.E. 2004. Electing the first parliament: Party competition and voter participation in Scotland. Party Politics. 10, 2 (Mar. 2004), 213–233. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068804040504.
[209]
Garner, R. and Kelly, R.N. 1998. British political parties today. Manchester University Press.
[210]
Garner, R. and Kelly, R.N. 1998. British political parties today. British political parties today. Manchester University Press. 13–36.
[211]
Gavin, N.T. 1996. Class voting and the Labour Party in Britain: The analysis of qualitative data on voting preference in the 1987 General Election. Electoral Studies. 15, 3 (Aug. 1996), 311–326. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(96)00013-3.
[212]
Geddes, A. et al. 2010. Britain votes 2010. Oxford Journals.
[213]
Geddes, A. and Tonge, J. 2005. Britain decides: the UK general election 2005. Palgrave Macmillan.
[214]
Geddes, A. and Tonge, J. eds. 2015. Britain votes 2015. Oxford University Press.
[215]
Geddes, A. and Tonge, J. 1997. Labour’s landslide: the British general election 1997. Manchester University Press.
[216]
Geddes, A. and Tonge, J. 1997. Labour’s landslide: the British general election 1997. Manchester University Press.
[217]
Geddes, A. and Tonge, J. 1997. Labour’s landslide: the British general election 1997. Manchester University Press.
[218]
Geddes, A. and Tonge, J. 1997. Labour’s landslide: the British general election 1997. Manchester University Press.
[219]
Geddes, A. and Tonge, J. 2002. Labour’s second landslide: the British general election 2001. Manchester University Press.
[220]
Geddes, A. and Tonge, J. 2002. Labour’s second landslide: the British general election 2001. Manchester University Press.
[221]
Gibson, R. 2012. From Brochureware to ‘MyBo’: An overview of online elections and campaigning. Politics. 32, 2 (Jun. 2012), 77–84. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2012.01429.x.
[222]
Green, J. 2007. When voters and parties agree: Valence issues and party competition. Political Studies. 55, 3 (Oct. 2007), 629–655. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00671.x.
[223]
Harold D. Clarke and Marianne C. Stewart 1995. Economic evaluations, prime ministerial approval and governing party support: Rival models reconsidered. British Journal of Political Science. 25, 2 (1995).
[224]
Harrop, M. and Miller, W.L. 1987. Elections and voters: a comparative introduction. Elections and voters: a comparative introduction. Macmillan Education. 130–172.
[225]
Harrop, M. and Miller, W.L. 1987. Elections and voters: a comparative introduction. Macmillan Education.
[226]
Harrop, M. and Miller, W.L. 1987. Elections and voters: a comparative introduction. Macmillan Education.
[227]
Harrop, M. and Miller, W.L. 1987. Elections and voters: a comparative introduction. Macmillan Education.
[228]
Hayes, B.C. 1997. Gender, feminism and electoral behaviour in Britain. Electoral Studies. 16, 2 (Jun. 1997), 203–216. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(97)00012-7.
[229]
Heath, A. et al. 1985. How Britain votes. How Britain votes. Pergamon. 1–11.
[230]
Heath, A. et al. 1985. How Britain votes. Pergamon.
[231]
Heath, A. et al. 1985. How Britain votes. Pergamon.
[232]
Heath, A. et al. 1994. Labour’s last chance?: the 1992 election and beyond. Dartmouth.
[233]
Heath, A. et al. 1994. Labour’s last chance?: the 1992 election and beyond. Dartmouth.
[234]
Heath, A. et al. 1994. Labour’s last chance?: the 1992 election and beyond. Dartmouth.
[235]
Heath, A. et al. 1994. Labour’s last chance?: the 1992 election and beyond. Dartmouth.
[236]
Heath, A. et al. 1994. Labour’s last chance?: the 1992 election and beyond. Dartmouth.
[237]
Heath, A. et al. 1994. Labour’s last chance?: the 1992 election and beyond. Dartmouth.
[238]
Heath, A. 1991. Understanding political change: the British voter 1964-1987. Pergamon.
[239]
Heath, A. 1991. Understanding political change: the British voter 1964-1987. Understanding political change: the British voter 1964-1987. Pergamon. 32–51.
[240]
Heath, A. 1991. Understanding political change: the British voter 1964-1987. Pergamon.
[241]
Heath, A. 1991. Understanding political change: the British voter 1964-1987. Pergamon.
[242]
Heath, A. and Pierce, R. 1992. It was party identification all along: Question order effects on reports of party identification in Britain. Electoral Studies. 11, 2 (Jun. 1992), 93–105. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(92)90032-2.
[243]
Heath, A.F. et al. 2011. Ethnic heterogeneity in the social bases of voting at the 2010 British general election. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 21, 2 (May 2011), 255–277. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2011.562611.
[244]
Heath, A.F. et al. 2001. The rise of New Labour: party policies and voter choices. Oxford University Press.
[245]
Heath, A.F. et al. 2001. The rise of New Labour: party policies and voter choices. Oxford University Press.
[246]
Heath, A.F. et al. 2001. The rise of New Labour: party policies and voter choices. Oxford University Press.
[247]
Hill, B.W. 1985. British parliamentary parties, 1742-1832: from the fall of Walpole to the First Reform Act. Allen & Unwin.
[248]
Hill, B.W. 1976. The growth of Parliamentary parties, 1689-1742. Allen and Unwin.
[249]
Himmelweit, H.T. and European Association of Experimental Social Psychology 1981. How voters decide: a longitudinal study of political attitudes and voting extending over fifteen years. Academic Press in cooperation with European Association of Experimental Social Pschology.
[250]
Hindmoor, A. 2008. Policy innovation and the dynamics of party competition: A schumpeterian account of British electoral politics, 19502005. British Journal of Politics & International Relations. 10, 3 (Aug. 2008), 492–508. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2008.00322.x.
[251]
Holbrook, T.M. 1996. Do campaigns matter?. Sage Publications.
[252]
Ipsos MORI | A leading market research company in the UK and Ireland: http://www.ipsos-mori.com/.
[253]
John Bartle 1998. Left-right position matters, but does social class? Causal models of the 1992 British general election. British Journal of Political Science. 28, 3 (1998).
[254]
John Bartle et al. 2002. Political communications: the general election of 2001. Frank Cass.
[255]
Johns, R. and Shephard, M. 2007. Gender, candidate image and electoral preference. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 9, 3 (Aug. 2007), 434–460. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2006.00263.x.
[256]
Johnston, R. et al. 2006. Disproportionality and bias in the results of the 2005 general election in Great Britain: Evaluating the electoral system’s impact. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 16, 1 (Feb. 2006), 37–54. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500505157.
[257]
Johnston, R. et al. 2005. Egocentric economic voting and changes in party choice: Great Britain 1992–2001. Journal of elections, public opinion & parties. 15, 1 (Apr. 2005), 129–144. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500064692.
[258]
Johnston, R. et al. 2013. The long and the short of it: Local campaigning at the british 2010 General election. Political Studies. 61, (Apr. 2013), 114–137. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12011.
[259]
Johnston, R. et al. 2012. Unequal and unequally distributed votes: The sources of electoral bias at recent British general elections. Political Studies. 60, 4 (Dec. 2012), 877–898. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00941.x.
[260]
Johnston, R. et al. 2012. We’ve got them on the list: contacting, canvassing and voting in a British general election campaign. Electoral Studies. 31, 2 (Jun. 2012), 317–329. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2011.11.002.
[261]
Johnston, R. J. (Ronald John), 1941- and Pattie, C.J. 2006. Putting voters in their place: geography and elections in Great Britain. Oxford University Press.
[262]
Johnston, R. and Pattie, C. 2006. Candidate quality and the impact of campaign expenditure: A British example. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 16, 3 (Oct. 2006), 283–294. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880600950550.
[263]
Johnston, R. and Pattie, C. 2007. Funding local political parties in England and Wales: Donations and constituency campaigns. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 9, 3 (Aug. 2007), 365–395. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2007.00296.x.
[264]
Johnston, R. and Pattie, C. 2008. How much does a vote cost? Incumbency and the impact of campaign spending at English general elections. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 18, 2 (May 2008), 129–152. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457280801987868.
[265]
Johnston, R. and Pattie, C. 1996. The strength of party identification among the British electorate: An exploration. Electoral Studies. 15, 3 (Aug. 1996), 295–309. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(95)00043-7.
[266]
Johnston, R. and Pattie, C. 2011. Where did Labour’s votes go? Valence politics and campaign effects at the 2010 British General election. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations. 13, 3 (Aug. 2011), 283–303. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2011.00454.x.
[267]
Johnston, R.J. et al. 1988. A nation dividing?: the electoral map of Great Britain, 1979-1987. Longman.
[268]
Johnston, R.J. et al. 1993. Dealignment, spatial polarisation and economic voting. European journal of political research. 23, 1 (1993). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1993.tb00349.x.
[269]
Johnston, R.J. et al. 2001. Housing tenure, local context, scale and voting in England and Wales, 1997. Electoral Studies. 20, 2 (Jun. 2001), 195–216. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(00)00008-1.
[270]
Johnston, R.J. 1985. The geography of English politics: the 1983 general election. Croom Helm.
[271]
Johnston, R.J. et al. 1989. The impact of constituency spending on the result of the 1987 British general election. Electoral Studies. 8, 2 (Aug. 1989), 143–155. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(89)90031-0.
[272]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C. 2000. Inconsistent individual attitudes within consistent attitudinal structures: Comments on an important issue raised by John Bartle’s paper on causal modelling of voting in Britain. British journal of political science. 30, 02 (2000), 361–374.
[273]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 1989. A nation dividing: Economic well-being, voter response and the changing electorial geography of great britain. Parliamentary Affairs. (1989).
[274]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 1999. Feeling good and changing one’s mind: A longitudinal investigation of voters’ economic evaluations and partisan choices. Party Politics. 5, 1 (Jan. 1999), 39–54. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068899005001003.
[275]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 1997. Fluctuating party identification in Great Britain: Patterns revealed by four years of a longitudinal study. Politics. 17, 2 (May 1997), 67–77. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00036.
[276]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 1995. People, place and the economic theory of voting: the 1992 British general election. Politics. 15, 1 (Feb. 1995), 9–17.
[277]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 2006. Putting voters in their place: geography and elections in Great Britain. Oxford University Press.
[278]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 2006. Putting voters in their place: geography and elections in Great Britain. Oxford University Press.
[279]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 2006. Putting voters in their place: geography and elections in Great Britain. Oxford University Press.
[280]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 2006. Putting voters in their place: geography and elections in Great Britain. Oxford University Press.
[281]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 2006. Putting voters in their place: geography and elections in Great Britain. Oxford University Press.
[282]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 1995. The impact of spending on party constituency campaigns at recent British general elections. Party Politics. 1, 2 (Apr. 1995), 261–273. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068895001002005.
[283]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 1997. Towards an understanding of turnout at general elections. Parliamentary Affairs. (1997).
[284]
Johnston, R.J. and Pattie, C.J. 1997. Where’s the difference? Decomposing the impact of local election campaigns in Great Britain. Electoral Studies. 16, 2 (Jun. 1997), 165–174. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(96)00064-9.
[285]
Johnston, R.J. (Ronald J., 1941- 2001. From votes to seats: the operation of the UK electoral system since 1945. Manchester University Press.
[286]
Johnston, R.J. (Ronald J., 1941- and Pattie, C.J. 2006. Putting voters in their place: geography and elections in Great Britain. Oxford University Press.
[287]
K. D. Ewing et al. 2012. The funding of political parties: where now?. Routledge.
[288]
Kavanagh, D. 1995. Election campaigning: the new marketing of politics. Blackwell.
[289]
Kavanagh, D. and Cowley, P. 2010. The British general election of 2010. Palgrave Macmillan.
[290]
Kenneth Prandy 2000. Class, the stratification order and party identification. British Journal of Political Science. 30, 2 (2000).
[291]
King, A. 1998. New labour triumphs: Britain at the polls. Chatham House Publishers.
[292]
King, A. 1998. New labour triumphs: Britain at the polls. Chatham House Publishers.
[293]
King, A. 1998. New labour triumphs: Britain at the polls. Chatham House Publishers.
[294]
Klingemann, H.-D. et al. 1994. Parties, policies and democracy. Westview.
[295]
Kotler-Berkowitz, L.A. 2001. Religion and voting behaviour in Great Britain: A reassessment. British journal of political science. 31, 03 (Jul. 2001). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123401000205.
[296]
Lane, J.-E. and Ersson, S.O. 1998. Politics and society in Western Europe. Sage.
[297]
Lane, J.-E. and Ersson, S.O. 1998. Politics and society in Western Europe. Sage.
[298]
Laver, M. 1997. Private desires, political action: an invitation to the politics of rational choice. Sage.
[299]
LeDuc, L. et al. 2002. Comparing democracies 2: new challenges in the study of. Sage Publications.
[300]
LeDuc, L. et al. 2002. Comparing democracies 2: new challenges in the study of. Sage Publications.
[301]
LeDuc, L. et al. 2002. Comparing democracies 2: new challenges in the study of. Sage Publications.
[302]
LeDuc, L. et al. 1996. Comparing democracies: elections and voting in global perspective. Sage Publications.
[303]
LeDuc, L. et al. 1996. Comparing democracies: elections and voting in global perspective. Sage Publications.
[304]
Lijphart, A. 1984. Democracies: patterns of majoritarian and consensus government in twenty-one countries. Yale University Press.
[305]
Lipset, S.M. and Rokkan, S. 1967. Party systems and voter alignments: cross-national perspectives. Collier-Macmillan.
[306]
Low, M. 2014. The renewal of the local Conservative party campaign capability: An organizational insight into central co-ordination. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 24, 4 (Oct. 2014), 414–433. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.888433.
[307]
Low, M. 2014. The Renewal of the Local Conservative Party Campaign Capability: An Organizational Insight into Central Co-ordination. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 24, 4 (Oct. 2014), 414–433. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.888433.
[308]
MacAllister, I. et al. 2001. Class dealignment and the neighbourhood effect: Miller revisited. British Journal of Political Science. 31, 1 (2001).
[309]
Maor, M. 1997. Political parties and party systems: comparative approaches and the British experience. Routledge.
[310]
Maor, M. 1997. Political parties and party systems: comparative approaches and the British experience. Routledge.
[311]
Maor, M. 1997. Political parties and party systems: comparative approaches and the British experience. Routledge.
[312]
McLean, I. 1982. Dealing in votes. St. Martin’s Press.
[313]
McLean, I. and Johnston, R. 2009. When is proportional not proportional? Great Britain’s 2009 elections to the European Parliament. Representation. 45, 4 (Nov. 2009), 349–355. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890903235199.
[314]
Milazzo, C. 2015. Getting it Right When it Counts: Constituency Marginality and Voter Perceptions of British Parties’ Policy Positions. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 25, 2 (Apr. 2015), 111–136. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.892010.
[315]
Nadeau, R. et al. 2002. A cross-national analysis of economic voting: taking account of the political context across time and nations. Electoral Studies. 21, 3 (Sep. 2002), 403–423. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(01)00002-6.
[316]
Niedermayer, O. 1990. Turnout in the European elections. Electoral Studies. 9, 1 (Mar. 1990), 45–50. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(90)90041-6.
[317]
Norpoth, H. 1992. Confidence regained: economics, Mrs. Thatcher, and the British voter. University of Michigan Press.
[318]
Norpoth, H. et al. 1991. Economics and politics: the calculus of support. University of Michigan Press.
[319]
Norris, P. et al. 1997. Britain votes 1997. Oxford University Press in association with The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government.
[320]
Norris, P. et al. 1997. Britain votes 1997. Oxford University Press in association with The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government.
[321]
Norris, P. et al. 1997. Britain votes 1997. Oxford University Press in association with The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government.
[322]
Norris, P. et al. 2005. Britain votes 2005. Oxford University Press.
[323]
Norris, P. 1997. Electoral change in Britain since 1945. Blackwell.
[324]
Norris, P. 1997. Electoral change in Britain since 1945. Electoral change in Britain since 1945. Blackwell. 17–34.
[325]
Norris, P. 1997. Electoral change in Britain since 1945. Blackwell.
[326]
Norris, P. 1997. Electoral change in Britain since 1945. Blackwell.
[327]
Norris, P. 1995. May’s law of curvilinear disparity revisited: Leaders, officers, members and voters in British political parties. Party Politics. 1, 1 (Jan. 1995), 29–47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068895001001002.
[328]
Norris, P. 2001. The twilight of Westminster? Electoral reform and its consequences. Political Studies. 49, 5 (Dec. 2001), 877–900. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00345.
[329]
Norris, P. and Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government 2001. Britain votes 2001. Oxford University Press in association with The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government.
[330]
Norris, P. and Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government 2001. Britain votes 2001. Oxford University Press in association with The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government.
[331]
Norris, P. and Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government 2001. Britain votes 2001. Oxford University Press in association with The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government.
[332]
Norris, P. and Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government 2001. Britain votes 2001. Oxford University Press in association with The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government.
[333]
Patrick Dunleavy 1991. Democracy, bureaucracy and public choice: economic explanations in political science. Harvester.
[334]
Patrick Dunleavy 1979. The urban basis of political alignment: Social class, domestic property ownership, and state intervention in consumption processes. British Journal of Political Science. 9, 4 (1979).
[335]
Patrick Seyd and Paul Whiteley 2002. New Labour’s grassroots: the transformation of the Labour Party membership. Palgrave Macmillan.
[336]
Pattie, C. et al. 1995. Individual vote choices and constituency economic conditions at the 1992 British General Election. Electoral Studies. 14, 4 (Dec. 1995), 399–415. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(94)00007-7.
[337]
Pattie, C. et al. 1999. On babies and bathwater: a comment on Evans’ ‘Economics and politics revisited’. Political Studies. 47, 5 (Dec. 1999), 918–932. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00238.
[338]
Pattie, C. and Johnston, R. 1999. Context, conversation and conviction: Social networks and voting at the 1992 British general election. Political Studies. 47, 5 (Dec. 1999), 877–889. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00235.
[339]
Pattie, C. and Johnston, R. 2009. Still talking, but is anyone listening?: The changing face of constituency campaigning in Britain, 1997--2005. Party Politics. 15, 4 (Jul. 2009), 411–434. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068809334562.
[340]
Pattie, C. and Johnston, R. 2001. Talk as a political context: conversation and electoral change in British elections, 1992–1997. Electoral Studies. 20, 1 (Mar. 2001), 17–40. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00032-3.
[341]
Pattie, C.J. 1997. British elections and parties review: Volume 7: [1997]. Frank Cass.
[342]
Pattie, C.J. and Johnston, R.J. 2003. Hanging on the telephone? Doorstep and telephone canvassing at the British general election of 1997. British Journal of Political Science. (2003).
[343]
Pattie, C.J. and Johnston, R.J. 2004. Party knowledge and candidate knowledge: constituency campaigning and voting and the 1997 British General Election. Electoral Studies. 23, 4 (Dec. 2004), 795–819. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2003.12.001.
[344]
Paul Whiteley et al. 1994. True blues: the politics of Conservative Party membership. Oxford University Press.
[345]
Pippa Norris Conservative attitudes in recent British elections: an emerging gender gap? Conservative Attitudes in Recent British Elections: an Emerging Gender Gap?. 34, 1.
[346]
Price, S. and Sanders, D. 1995. Economic expectations and voting intentions in the UK, 1979-87: a pooled cross-section approach. Political Studies. 43, 3 (Sep. 1995), 451–471.
[347]
Quinn, T. 2013. From two-partism to alternating predominance: the changing UK party system, 1950-2010. Political Studies. 61, 2 (Jun. 2013), 378–400. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.00966.x.
[348]
R. J. Johnston and C. J. Pattie 1998. Campaigning and advertising: An evaluation of the components of constituency activism at recent British general elections. British Journal of Political Science. 28, 4 (1998).
[349]
Rallings, C. 2003. British elections & parties review: Vol. 13. Frank Cass.
[350]
Rallings, C. 2003. British elections & parties review: Vol. 13. Frank Cass.
[351]
Rallings, C. 2003. British elections & parties review: Vol. 13. Frank Cass.
[352]
Rallings, C. 2003. British elections & parties review: Vol. 13. Frank Cass.
[353]
Rallings, C. 2003. British elections & parties review: Vol. 13. Frank Cass.
[354]
Rallings, C. British Elections and Parties Review, Volume 14. Routledge.
[355]
Rallings, C. 1995. British elections and parties yearbook. 1995. Cass.
[356]
Rallings, C. 1995. British elections and parties yearbook. 1995. Cass.
[357]
Rallings, C. et al. 2001. Election 2001: the official results. Politico’s Publishing.
[358]
Rallings, C. et al. 2009. Unused votes in English local government elections: Effects and explanations. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 19, 1 (Feb. 2009), 1–23. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457280802568253.
[359]
Rallings, C. and Thrasher, M. 2003. Explaining split-ticket voting at the 1979 and 1997 general and local elections in England. Political Studies. 51, 3 (Oct. 2003), 558–572. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00441.
[360]
Rallings, C. and Thrasher, M. 2005. Not All ‘Second-Order’ contests are the same: Turnout and party choice at the concurrent 2004 local and european parliament elections in England*. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 7, 4 (Nov. 2005), 584–597. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2005.00207.x.
[361]
Rallings, C. and Thrasher, M. 2001. Research note: Measuring the level and direction of split-ticket voting at the 1979 and 1997 British general and local elections: a survey-based analysis. Political Studies. 49, 2 (Jun. 2001), 323–330. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00316.
[362]
Rallings, C. and Thrasher, M. 1990. Turnout in English local elections—An aggregate analysis with electoral and contextual data. Electoral Studies. 9, 2 (Jun. 1990), 79–90. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(90)90001-O.
[363]
Reeve, A. and Ware, A. 1992. Electoral systems: a comparative and theoretical introduction. Routledge.
[364]
Reeve, A. and Ware, A. 1992. Electoral systems: a comparative and theoretical introduction. Routledge.
[365]
Renwick, A. and Pilet, J.-B. 2016. Faces on the ballot: the personalization of electoral systems in Europe. Oxford University Press.
[366]
Robert E. Goodin and Hans-Dieter Klingemann 1996. A new handbook of political science. Oxford University Press.
[367]
Robertson, D. 1984. Class and the British electorate. Blackwell.
[368]
Rose, R. and McAllister, I. 1990. The loyalties of voters: a lifetime learning model. Sage.
[369]
Rose, R. and McAllister, I. 1990. The loyalties of voters: a lifetime learning model. Sage.
[370]
Rose, R. and McAllister, I. 1990. The loyalties of voters: a lifetime learning model. Sage.
[371]
Rose, R. and McAllister, I. 1986. Voters begin to choose: from closed-class to open elections in Britain. Sage.
[372]
Rossiter, D. et al. 1999. Changing biases in the operation of the UK’s electoral system, 1950-97. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 1, 2 (Jun. 1999), 133–164. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.00008.
[373]
Rush, M. 1992. Politics and society: an introduction to political sociology. Politics and society: an introduction to political sociology. Prentice Hall. 110–127.
[374]
Russell, A. et al. 2002. The anatomy of Liberal support in Britain, 1974-1997. The British journal of politics and international relations. 4, 1 (Apr. 2002), 49–74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.41070.
[375]
Saggar, S. 1998. Race and British electoral politics. UCL Press.
[376]
Sanders, D. 1999. Conservative incompetence, Labour responsibility and the feelgood factor: why the economy failed to save the Conservatives in 1997. Electoral Studies. 18, 2 (Jun. 1999), 251–270. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00053-5.
[377]
Sanders, D. 1996. Economic performance, management competence and the outcome of the next general election. Political studies. 44, 2 (1996), 203–231.
[378]
Sanders, D. 1995. Forecasting political preferences and election outcomes in the UK: Experiences, problems and prospects for the next general election. Electoral Studies. 14, 3 (Sep. 1995), 251–272. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(94)00005-T.
[379]
Sanders, D. 1991. Government popularity and the next general election. The political quarterly. 62, 2 (1991). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.1991.tb00856.x.
[380]
Sanders, D. et al. 2002. Identifying the true party identifiers: A question wording experiment. Party Politics. 8, 2 (Mar. 2002), 193–205. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068802008002003.
[381]
Sanders, D. et al. 2014. The calculus of ethnic minority voting in Britain. Political Studies. 62, 2 (Jun. 2014), 230–251. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12040.
[382]
Sanders, D. 1997. The economy and voting. Parliamentary Affairs. (1997).
[383]
Sanders, D. 2005. The political economy of UK party support, 1997–2004: Forecasts for the 2005 general election. Journal of elections, public opinion & parties. 15, 1 (Apr. 2005), 47–71. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500064585.
[384]
Sanders, D. 2000. The real economy and the perceived economy in popularity functions: how much do voters need to know? Electoral Studies. 19, 2–3 (Jun. 2000), 275–294. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00052-9.
[385]
Sanders, D. and Brynin, M. 1999. The dynamics of party preference change in britain, 1991-1996. Political Studies. 47, 2 (Jun. 1999), 219–239. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00197.
[386]
Sanders, D. and Brynin, M. 1999. The dynamics of party preference change in Britain, 1991-1996. Political Studies. 47, 2 (Jun. 1999), 219–239. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00197.
[387]
Self, P. 1993. Government by the market? the politics of public choice. Government by the market? the politics of public choice. Macmillan Press. 21–47.
[388]
Self, R.C. 2000. The evolution of the British party system: 1885-1940. Longman.
[389]
Seyd, P. and Whiteley, P. 1992. Labour’s grass roots: the politics of party membership. Labour’s grass roots: the politics of party membership. Clarendon. 174–200.
[390]
Seyd, P. and Whiteley, P. 2002. New Labour’s grassroots: the transformation of the Labour Party membership. Palgrave Macmillan.
[391]
Shephard, M. 2007. Multiple audiences, multiple messages? An exploration of the dynamics between the party, the candidates and the various constituencies. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 17, 2 (Jul. 2007), 181–201. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880701355600.
[392]
Shugart, M.S. and Wattenberg, M.P. 2001. Mixed-member electoral systems: the best of both worlds?. Oxford University Press.
[393]
Smith, J.K. 2009. Campaigning and the catch-all party: The process of party transformation in Britain. Party Politics. 15, 5 (Sep. 2009), 555–572. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068809336396.
[394]
Sobolewska, M. 2005. Ethnic agenda: Relevance of political attitudes to party choice. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 15, 2 (Sep. 2005), 197–214. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500178781.
[395]
Sudulich, M.L. et al. 2013. Why bother campaigning? Campaign effectiveness in the 2009 European Parliament elections. Electoral Studies. 32, 4 (Dec. 2013), 768–778. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.05.031.
[396]
Taylor, B. et al. 1999. Scotland and Wales: nations again?. University of Wales Press.
[397]
The Political Studies Association: http://www.psa.ac.uk/.
[398]
Thrasher, M. et al. 2011. Electoral bias at the 2010 general election: Evaluating its extent in a three‐party system. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 21, 2 (May 2011), 279–294. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2011.562608.
[399]
Thrasher, M. et al. 2014. Voting systems in parallel and the benefits for small parties: An examination of Green Party candidates in London elections. Party Politics. 20, 1 (Jan. 2014), 134–142. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068811436045.
[400]
Tonge, J. 2001. British elections & parties review: Vol. 11. Frank Cass.
[401]
Tonge, J. 2001. British elections & parties review: Vol. 11. Frank Cass.
[402]
UK Polling Report: http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/.
[403]
Ward, H. 1991. Democracy, bureaucracy and public choice: economic explanations in political science. Democracy, bureaucracy and public choice: economic explanations in political science. Harvester. 79–111.
[404]
Ware, A. 1996. Political parties and party systems. Oxford University Press.
[405]
Ware, A. 1996. Political parties and party systems. Oxford University Press.
[406]
Ware, A. 1996. Political parties and party systems. Political parties and party systems. Oxford University Press. 317–348.
[407]
Webb, P. 1999. The modern British party system. SAGE.
[408]
Webb, P. 1999. The modern British party system. SAGE.
[409]
Webb, P. 1999. The modern British party system. SAGE.
[410]
Webb, P. 1999. The modern British party system. SAGE.
[411]
Webb, P. 1999. The modern British party system. SAGE.
[412]
Webber, R. et al. 2014. Ballot order positional effects in British local elections, 1973-2011. Parliamentary Affairs. 67, 1 (Jan. 2014), 119–136. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gss033.
[413]
Whiteley, P. et al. 2013. Affluence, austerity and electoral change in Britain. Cambridge University Press.
[414]
Whiteley, P. et al. 2013. Affluence, austerity and electoral change in Britain. Cambridge University Press.
[415]
Whiteley, P. et al. 2013. Affluence, austerity and electoral change in Britain. Cambridge University Press.
[416]
Whiteley, P. 2005. The issue agenda and voting in 2005. Parliamentary Affairs. (2005).
[417]
Whiteley, P. et al. 1994. True blues: the politics of Conservative Party membership. Oxford University Press.
[418]
Wring, D. et al. 2011. Political communication in Britain: the leader debates, the campaign and the media in the 2010 general election. Palgrave Macmillan.
[419]
Wring, D. et al. 2011. Political communication in Britain: the leader debates, the campaign and the media in the 2010 general election. Palgrave Macmillan.
[420]
Wring, D. 2007. Political communications: the general election campaign of 2005. Palgrave Macmillan.
[421]
Wring, D. 2007. Political communications: the general election campaign of 2005. Palgrave Macmillan.
[422]
YouGov: https://yougov.co.uk/opi/.
[423]
2002. A generation apart? Youth and political participation in Britain. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations. 4, 2 (2002), 167–192. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.t01-1-00001.
[424]
2002. A low turnout landslide: Abstention at the British general election of 1997. Political Studies. 49, 2 (2002), 286–305. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00314.
[425]
1994. British elections and parties yearbook: 1994. Cass.
[426]
1994. British elections and parties yearbook: 1994. Cass.
[427]
Do voters turn out more under proportional than majoritarian systems? The evidence from Swiss communal elections. Electoral Studies. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00052-3.
[428]
2004. Electing the first parliament party competition and voter participation in scotland. Party Politics. 10, 2 (Mar. 2004), 213–233. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068804040504.
[429]
Special Issue on Turnout - Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties - Volume 22, Issue 4.
[430]
The electoral participation of Black and Asian Britons: Integration or alienation?
[431]
Why bother? Determinants of turnout in the European elections. Electoral Studies. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(01)00054-3.
