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Bartle, J. (2003b) ‘Partisanship, performance and personality: Competing and complementary characterizations of the 2001 British general election’, Party Politics, 9(3), pp. 317–345. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068803009003003.

Bartle, J. (2003c) ‘Partisanship, performance and personality: Competing and complementary characterizations of the 2001 British general election’, Party Politics, 9(3), pp. 317–345. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068803009003003.

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Brand, J., Mitchell, J. and Surridge, P. (no date) ‘Social constituency and ideological profile: Scottish nationalism in the 1990s.’, Social constituency and ideological profile: Scottish nationalism in the 1990s., 42(4), pp. 616–629. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9502202035&site=ehost-live.

Brandenburg, H. and Johns, R. (2014) ‘The declining representativeness of the British Party System, and why it matters’, Political Studies, 62(4), pp. 703–703. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12172.

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Butler, D. and Stokes, D.E. (1969b) Political change in Britain: forces shaping electoral choice. London: Macmillan.

Butt, S. (2006) ‘How voters evaluate economic competence: A comparison between parties in and out of power’, Political Studies, 54(4), pp. 743–766. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2006.00631.x.

Campbell, R. and Winters, K. (2008) ‘Understanding men’s and women’s political interests: Evidence from a study of gendered political attitudes’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 18(1), pp. 53–74. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457280701858623.

Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2010) ‘Linking coalition attitudes and split-ticket voting: The Scottish Parliament elections of 2007’, Electoral Studies, 29(3), pp. 381–391. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2010.03.002.

Clark, A. (2012) ‘Party organization and concurrent multi-level local campaigning: The 2007 Scottish elections under MMP and STV’, Party Politics, 18(4), pp. 603–622. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068810386840.

Clark, Alistair (2012) Political parties in the UK. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Clarke, H. et al. (2006a) ‘Taking the bloom off new Labour’s rose: Party choice and voter turnout in Britain, 2005’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 16(1), pp. 3–36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500504978.

Clarke, H. et al. (2006b) ‘Taking the bloom off New Labour’s rose: Party choice and voter turnout in Britain, 2005’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 16(1), pp. 3–36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500504978.

Clarke, H. et al. (2011) ‘Valence politics and electoral choice in Britain, 2010’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 21(2), pp. 237–253. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2011.562614.

Clarke, H.D. (2004a) Political choice in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=3053120.

Clarke, H.D. (2004b) Political choice in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=3053120.

Clarke, H.D. (2004c) Political choice in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=3053120.

Clarke, H.D. (2004d) Political choice in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=3053120.

Clarke, H.D. (2004e) Political choice in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=3053120.

Clarke, H.D. (2004f) Political choice in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=3053120.

Clarke, H.D. (2009a) Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=231664&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Clarke, H.D. (2009b) Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=231664&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Clarke, H.D. (2009c) Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=231664&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Clarke, H.D. (2009d) Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=231664&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Clarke, H.D. (2009e) Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=231664&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Clarke, H.D. (2009f) Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=231664&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Clarke, H.D. (2009g) Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=231664&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Clarke, H.D. (2009h) Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=451907.

Clarke, H.D. et al. (2009a) ‘The American voter’s British cousin’, Electoral Studies, 28(4), pp. 632–641. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2009.05.019.

Clarke, H.D. et al. (2009b) ‘The American voter’s British cousin’, Electoral Studies, 28(4), pp. 632–641. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2009.05.019.

Clements, B. and Bartle, J. (2009) ‘The european issue and party choice at British general elections, 1974–2005’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 19(4), pp. 377–411. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457280903275188.

Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher (1997) Local elections in Britain. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=32266&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Colomer, J.M. (1991) ‘Benefits and costs of voting’, Electoral Studies, 10(4), pp. 313–325. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(91)90023-L.

Cowley, P. (2000a) British elections & parties review: Volume 10: [2000]. London: Frank Cass.

Cowley, P. (2000b) British elections & parties review: Volume 10: [2000]. London: Frank Cass.

Cowley, P. (2000c) British elections & parties review: Volume 10: [2000]. London: Frank Cass.

Cowley, P. and Ford, R.A. (eds) (2014) Sex, lies & the ballot box: 50 things you need to know about British elections. London: Biteback Publishing. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=1824617.

Cowley, P. and Ford, R.A. (eds) (2016) More sex, lies & the ballot box: another 50 things you need to know about British elections. London: Biteback Publishing. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=951493&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Cox, G.W. (1987) The efficient secret: the cabinet and the development of political parties in Victorian England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Crewe, I. and Harrop, M. (1989) Political communications: the general election campaign of  1987. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Curtice, J. (2005) ‘Turnout: Electors stay at home – again’, Parliamentary affairs [Preprint]. Available at: http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/4/776.full.pdf+html.

Curtice, J. (2007) ‘STV goes tartan: A preliminary analysis of its use in the 2007 Scottish local elections’, Representation, 43(3), pp. 209–216. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890701463688.

Curtice, J. and Marsh, M. (2008) ‘How did they vote? Voters’ use of the STV ballot paper in the 2007 Scottish local elections’, Representation, 44(4), pp. 285–300. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890802422831.

Curtice, J. and Marsh, M. (2014) ‘Confused or competent? How voters use the STV ballot paper’, Electoral Studies, 34, pp. 146–158. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.11.002.

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Cutts, D. et al. (2007) ‘Voter turnout in British south Asian communities at the 2001 general election’, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9(3), pp. 396–412. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2006.00261.x.

Cutts, D. et al. (2012) ‘Laying the foundations for electoral success: Conservative pre-campaign canvassing before the 2010 UK general election’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 22(3), pp. 359–375. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2012.694888.

Cutts, D. et al. (2014) ‘With a little help from my neighbours: A spatial analysis of the impact of local campaigns at the 2010 British general election’, Electoral Studies, 34, pp. 216–231. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.12.001.

Cutts, D. and Shryane, N. (2006) ‘Did local activism really matter? Liberal Democrat campaigning and the 2001 British general election’, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 8(3), pp. 427–444. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2006.00232.x.

D. T. Denver, Christopher J. Carman and Johns, R. (2012) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Dalton, R.J. (1988a) Citizen politics in western democracies: public opinion and political parties in the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and France. Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House Publishers.

Dalton, R.J. (1988b) Citizen politics in western democracies: public opinion and political parties in the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and France. Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House Publishers.

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Denver, D. et al. (2003) ‘Constituency campaigning in Britain 1992-2001: Centralization and modernization’, Party Politics, 9(5), pp. 541–559. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688030095002.

Denver, D. (2008) ‘Another reason to support marriage? Turnout and the decline of marriage in Britain’, British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 10(4), pp. 666–680. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2008.00329.x.

Denver, D. and Hands, G. (1990) ‘Issues, principles or ideology? How young voters decide’, Electoral Studies, 9(1), pp. 19–36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(90)90039-B.

Denver, D. and Hands, G. (1997a) ‘Challengers, incumbents and the impact of constituency campaigning in Britain’, Electoral Studies, 16(2), pp. 175–193. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(96)00065-0.

Denver, D. and Hands, G. (1997b) ‘Turnout’, Parliamentary affairs [Preprint]. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/pa/article/50/4/720/1475582.

Denver, D. and Hands, G. (2004) ‘Labour’s targeted constituency campaigning: nationally directed or locally produced?’, Electoral Studies, 23(4), pp. 709–726. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2003.10.005.

Denver, D., Hands, G. and MacAllister, I. (2004) ‘The electoral impact of constituency campaigning in Britain, 1992-2001’, Political Studies, 52(2), pp. 289–306. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2004.00480.x.

Denver, D. T. and Hands, Gordon (1992) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. (1994a) ‘Elections and voting behaviour in Britain’, in Elections and voting behaviour in Britain. 2nd ed. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. (1994b) Elections and voting behaviour in Britain. 2nd ed. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. (1994c) Elections and voting behaviour in Britain. 2nd ed. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. (1994d) Elections and voting behaviour in Britain. 2nd ed. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. (1998a) British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. London: Frank Cass.

Denver, D.T. (1998b) British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. London: Frank Cass.

Denver, D.T. (1998c) British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. London: Frank Cass.

Denver, D.T. (1998d) British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. London: Frank Cass.

Denver, D.T. (1998e) British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. London: Frank Cass.

Denver, D.T. (1998f) British elections and parties review: Vol. 8: The 1997 General Election. London: Frank Cass.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012a) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=4763173.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012b) ‘Elections and voters in Britain’, in Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 53–89.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012c) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012d) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012e) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012f) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012g) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012h) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012i) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012j) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Denver, D.T., Carman, C.J. and Johns, R. (2012k) Elections and voters in Britain. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) (1993a) BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.

DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) (1993b) BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.

DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) (1993c) BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.

DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) (1993d) BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.

DENVER, D.T. (ED. ) (1993e) BRITISH ELECTIONS AND PARTIES YEARBOOK. HARVESTER WHEATSHEAF.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992a) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992b) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992c) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992d) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992e) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992f) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992g) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992h) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992i) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992j) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992k) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992l) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992m) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992n) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992o) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992p) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992q) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992r) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992s) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1992t) Issues and controversies in British electorial behaviour. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Denver, D.T. and Hands, G. (1997) Modern constituency electioneering: local campaigning in the 1992 general election. London: F. Cass.

‘Do voters turn out more under proportional than majoritarian systems? The evidence from Swiss communal elections’ (no date) Electoral Studies [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00052-3.

Dowding, K. (2005) ‘Is it rational to vote? Five types of answer and a suggestion’, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7(3), pp. 442–459. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2005.00188.x.

Dowding, K.M. (1991) Rational choice and political power. Aldershot: Elgar.

Dowding, K.M. and King, D.S. (1995a) Preferences, institutions, and rational choice. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Dowding, K.M. and King, D.S. (1995b) Preferences, institutions, and rational choice. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Downs, A. (1957) An economic theory of democracy. New York: Harper & Row.

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Dunleavy, P. (1991a) Democracy, bureaucracy and public choice: economic explanations in political science. New York: Harvester.

Dunleavy, P. (1991b) Democracy, bureaucracy and public choice: economic explanations in political science. New York: Harvester.

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Evans, G. and Norris, P. (1999b) Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. London: SAGE. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=262322&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Evans, G. and Norris, P. (1999c) Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. London: SAGE. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=262322&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Evans, G. and Norris, P. (1999d) Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. London: SAGE. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=262322&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

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Evans, G. and Norris, P. (1999f) Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. London: SAGE. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=262322&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Evans, G. and Norris, P. (1999g) Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. London: SAGE. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=262322&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Evans, G. and Norris, P. (1999h) Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. London: SAGE. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=262322&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Evans, G. and Norris, P. (1999i) Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. London: SAGE. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=262322&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

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Norris, P. (1997c) Electoral change in Britain since 1945. Oxford: Blackwell.

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Pippa Norris (no date) ‘Conservative attitudes in recent British elections: an emerging gender gap?’, Conservative Attitudes in Recent British Elections: an Emerging Gender Gap?, 34(1). Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=21376579&site=ehost-live.

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Rallings, C. and Thrasher, M. (2003) ‘Explaining split-ticket voting at the 1979 and 1997 general and local elections in England’, Political Studies, 51(3), pp. 558–572. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00441.

Rallings, C. and Thrasher, M. (2005) ‘Not All “Second-Order” contests are the same: Turnout and party choice at the concurrent 2004 local and european parliament elections in England*’, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7(4), pp. 584–597. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2005.00207.x.

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Renwick, A. and Pilet, J.-B. (2016) Faces on the ballot: the personalization of electoral systems in Europe. First edition. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=4842339.

Robert E. Goodin and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (1996) A new handbook of political science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=3053359.

Robertson, D. (1984) Class and the British electorate. Oxford: Blackwell.

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Russell, A., Fieldhouse, E. and MacAllister, I.D. (2002) ‘The anatomy of Liberal support in Britain, 1974-1997’, The British journal of politics and international relations, 4(1), pp. 49–74. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.41070.

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Sanders, D. (1997) ‘The economy and voting’, Parliamentary Affairs [Preprint]. Available at: http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/4/789.full.pdf+html.

Sanders, D. (1999) ‘Conservative incompetence, Labour responsibility and the feelgood factor: why the economy failed to save the Conservatives in 1997’, Electoral Studies, 18(2), pp. 251–270. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00053-5.

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Self, R.C. (2000) The evolution of the British party system: 1885-1940. Harlow: Longman.

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Seyd, P. and Whiteley, P. (2002) New Labour’s grassroots: the transformation of the Labour Party membership. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=319025&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

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Webb, P. (1999e) The modern British party system. London: SAGE. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=419391&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

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(No date).