Bibliography for PX2606 Themes in the History of Modern Africa BETA

A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (1980) ‘The Thin White Line: The Size of the British Colonial Service in Africa’, African Affairs, 79(314), pp. 25–44. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/721630?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Aalen, L. and Tronvoll, K. (2009) ‘The end of democracy? Curtailing political and civil rights in Ethiopia’, Review of African Political Economy, 36(120), pp. 193–207. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240903065067.

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Achebe, C. (2013b) There was a country: a personal history of Biafra. London: Penguin Books.

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Alden, C. (1996) Apartheid’s last stand: the rise and fall of the South African security state. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Alegi, P. and Bolsmann, C. (2010a) South Africa and the global game: football, apartheid and beyond. London: Routledge.

Alegi, P. and Bolsmann, C. (2010b) South Africa and the global game: football, apartheid and beyond. London: Routledge.

Allman, J.M. (1990) ‘The youngmen and the porcupine: class, nationalism and Asante’s struggle for self-determination, 1954-57’, Journal of African history, 31(2), pp. 263–279. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/182768.

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Amii Omara-Otunnu (1992) ‘The Struggle for Democracy in Uganda’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 30(3), pp. 443–463. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/161167?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

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Andreas Eckert (1999) ‘“A Showcase for Experiments”: Local Government Reforms in Colonial Tanzania, 1940s and 1950s’, Africa Spectrum, 34(2), pp. 212–235. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/40174799?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=second&searchText=colonial&searchText=occupation&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoAdvancedSearch%3Fq0%3Dsecond%2Bcolonial%2Boccupation%26amp%3BresultsServiceName%3DdoBackToBasicResults%26amp%3Brefreqid%3Dsearch%253Acd243169af8fe3fc85b9606c1cc2a91e%26amp%3Bpage%3D2&refreqid=search%3A33e0932707b2eb2cc42d613162acf2a2&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

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Austen, R.A. (1987b) ‘African economic history: internal development and external dependency’, African economic history: internal development and external dependency. Oxford: James Currey. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=bf4fab62-278e-e711-80cb-005056af4099.

Austen, R.A. (1987c) African economic history: internal development and external dependency. Oxford: James Currey.

Austen, R.A. (1987d) African economic history: internal development and external dependency. Oxford: James Currey.

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Baggallay, A.R. (2011b) ‘Myths of Mau Mau expanded: rehabilitation in Kenya’s detention camps, 1954–60’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 5(3), pp. 553–578. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2011.611677.

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Bayart, J.-F. et al. (1999b) The criminalization of the state in Africa. [London]: International African Institute in association with J. Currey, Oxford.

Bayart, J.-F. et al. (1999c) The criminalization of the state in Africa. [London]: International African Institute in association with J. Currey, Oxford.

Beach, D.N. (1979) ‘“Chimurenga”: the Shona rising of 1896-97’, Journal of African history, 20(3), pp. 395–420. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/181122.

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Bennett, N.R. (1971a) ‘Chapter 1: The Nyamwezi and the Arabs’, Mirambo of Tanzania, 1840?-1884. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–32. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0f7418e9-a7fe-eb11-b563-0050f2f09783.

Bennett, N.R. (1971b) ‘Mirambo of Tanzania, 1840?-1884’, Mirambo of Tanzania, 1840?-1884. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–32. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=889fe26a-f5f6-e811-80cd-005056af4099.

Bennoune, M. (2002) The making of contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987: colonial upheavals and post-independence development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Berman, B. and Lonsdale, J. (1992a) Unhappy valley: conflict in Kenya & Africa, Bk.1: State & class. London: James Currey.

Berman, B. and Lonsdale, J. (1992b) Unhappy valley: conflict in Kenya & Africa, Bk.1: State & class. London: James Currey.

Berman, B.J. (1991) ‘Nationalism, ethnicity, and modernity: the paradox of Mau Mau’, Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, 25(2), pp. 181–206. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/485216.

Berry, S. (1998) ‘Unsettled accounts: stool debts, chieftaincy disputes and the question of Asante constitutionalism’, Journal of African history, 39(1), pp. 39–62. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/183329.

Beverly Grier (1992) ‘Pawns, Porters, and Petty Traders: Women in the Transition to Cash Crop Agriculture in Colonial Ghana’, Signs, 17(2), pp. 304–328. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/3174466?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Booth, D. (1998) The race game: sport and politics in South Africa. London: Frank Cass. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=420319&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity.

Branch, D. (2007) ‘The enemy within: Loyalists and the war against Mau Mau in Kenya’, The Journal of African History, 48(2), pp. 291–315. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4501043.

Branch, D. (2009) Defeating Mau Mau, creating Kenya: counterinsurgency, civil war, and decolonization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brands, H. (2005) ‘Wartime recruiting practices, martial identity and post-World War II demobilization in colonial Kenya’, The Journal of African History, 46(1), pp. 103–125. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4100831?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Brennan, J.R. (2008) ‘Lowering the Sultan’s Flag: sovereignty and decolonization in coastal Kenya’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 50(4), pp. 831–861. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27563710.

Brett, E.A. (1995) ‘Neutralising the use of force in Uganda: the role of the military in politics’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 33(1), pp. 129–152. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/161549?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Burton, A. (2001) ‘Adjutants, agents, intermediaries: The Native Administration in Dar es Salaam township, 1919–61’, Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 36–37(1), pp. 98–118. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00672700109511702.

Carol Summers (1991) ‘Intimate Colonialism: The Imperial Production of Reproduction in Uganda, 1907-1925’, Signs, 16(4), pp. 787–807. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/3174573?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Célestin Monga (1995) ‘Civil Society and Democratisation in Francophone Africa’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 33(3), pp. 359–379. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/161481?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Chabal, P. and Daloz, J.-P. (1999a) Africa works: disorder as political instrument. [London]: International African Institute in association with James Currey, Oxford.

Chabal, P. and Daloz, J.-P. (1999b) ‘Africa works: disorder as political instrument’, Africa works: disorder as political instrument. [London]: International African Institute in association with James Currey, Oxford. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5c07b4f1-3392-e711-80cb-005056af4099.

Charles Perrings (1977) ‘Consciousness, conflict and Proletarianization: an assessment of the 1935 Mineworkers’ Strike on the Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 4(1), pp. 31–51. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2636586?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Cheeseman, N., Lynch, G. and Willis, J. (2014) ‘Democracy and its discontents: understanding Kenya’s 2013 elections’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 8(1), pp. 2–24. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2013.874105.

Chimhundu, H. (1992) ‘Early missionaries and the ethnolinguistic factor during the “invention of tribalism” in Zimbabwe’, Journal of African history, 33(1), pp. 87–109. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/182276.

Clapham, C.S. (1996a) Africa and the international system: the politics of state survival. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clapham, C.S. (1996b) Africa and the international system: the politics of state survival. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clapham, C.S. (1996c) Africa and the international system: the politics of state survival. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clarke, J. (1981) ‘Households and the political economy of small-scale cash crop production in South-Western Nigeria’, Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 51(4), pp. 807–823. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1159355?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Clarke, J.N. (2018) British media and the Rwandan Genocide. London, [England]: Routledge. Available at: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=5207183.

Clayton, A. and Killingray, D. (1989) Khaki and blue: military and police in British colonial Africa. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies.

Clive Glaser (1998) ‘“We must infiltrate the Tsotsis”: school politics and youth gangs in Soweto, 1968-1976’, Journal of southern African studies, 24(2), pp. 301–323. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2637529.

Cobbing, J. (1988a) ‘The Mfecane as alibi: thoughts on Dithakong and Mbolompo’, Journal of African history, 29(3), pp. 487–519. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/182353.

Cobbing, J. (1988b) ‘The Mfecane as alibi: thoughts on Dithakong and Mbolompo’, Journal of African history, 29(3), pp. 487–519. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/182353.

Cohen, R. (1986) Endgame in South Africa?: the changing structures & ideology of apartheid. London: Currey.

Cooper, F. (1996) Decolonization and African society: the labor question in French and British Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cooper, F. (2000) ‘Africa’s Pasts and Africa’s Historians’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, 34(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/486417.

Cooper, F. (2002a) Africa since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cooper, F. (2002b) ‘Africa since 1940: the past of the present’, Africa since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=667ebe57-248e-e711-80cb-005056af4099.

Cooper, F. (2002c) Africa since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cooper, F. (2002d) Africa since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cooper, F. (2002e) Africa since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cooper, F. (2002f) Africa since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cooper, F. (2002g) Africa since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cooper, F. (2002h) Africa since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cooper, F. (2008) ‘Possibility and constraint: African independence in historical perspective’, The Journal of African History, 49(02). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853708003915.

Cross, H. (2015) ‘Divisive democracy and popular struggle in Africa’, Review of African Political Economy, 42(143), pp. 1–6. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2015.1015251.

Crowder, M. (1987) ‘Whose dream was It anyway? Twenty-five years of African independence’, African Affairs, 86(342), pp. 7–24. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/722863?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Dallaire, R. and Beardsley, B. (2004) Shake hands with the devil: the failure of humanity in Rwanda. London: Arrow.

Davenport, T.R.H. (2000) South Africa: a modern history. 5th ed. London: Macmillan.

David Anderson (1984) ‘Depression, Dust Bowl, Demography, and Drought: The Colonial State and Soil Conservation in East Africa during the 1930s’, African Affairs, 83(332), pp. 321–343. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/722351?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=depression&searchText=dust&searchText=bowl&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Ddepression%2Bdust%2Bbowl%26amp%3Bfilter%3D&refreqid=search%3Ab95d28373d9fea9839158069baa3de5d&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

David N. Plank (1993) ‘Aid, Debt, and the End of Sovereignty: Mozambique and Its Donors’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 31(3), pp. 407–430. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/161203?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

De St Jorre, J. (1972a) The Nigerian Civil War. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

De St Jorre, J. (1972b) The Nigerian Civil War. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

Decalo, S. (1976) Coups and army rule in Africa: studies in military style. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Doyle, S. (2006) Crisis & decline in Bunyoro: population & environment in western Uganda 1860-1955. London: The British Institute in Eastern Africa.

Dussel, C.J.K. (2000) ‘The nineteenth century commercial transition in West Africa: the case of the Biafra Hinterland’, Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, 34(3), pp. 588–615. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/486214?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Eldredge, E.A. (1992) ‘Sources of conflict in Southern Africa, c. 1800-30: the “Mfecane” reconsidered’, The journal of African history, 33(1). Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/182273.

Elizabeth A. Eldredge (1991) ‘Women in Production: The Economic Role of Women in Nineteenth-Century Lesotho’, Signs, 16(4), pp. 707–731. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/3174570?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Elkins, C. (2005) Imperial reckoning: the untold story of Britain’s Gulag in Kenya. 1st ed. New York: Henry Holt.

Ellis, S. and Sechaba, Tsepo (1992) Comrades against apartheid: the ANC & the South African Communist Party in exile. London: James Currey.

Ellis, S. and Sechaba, Tsepho (1992) Comrades against apartheid: the ANC & the South African Communist Party in exile. London: James Currey.

Eltis, D. (1987) Economic growth and the ending of the transatlantic slave trade. New York: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=4702986.

Emizet F. Kisangani (2012) Civil wars in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1960-2010. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Englebert, P. and Hummel, R. (2005) ‘Let’s stick together: understanding Africa’s secessionist deficit’, African Affairs, 104(416), pp. 399–427. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518722.

Eric Stokes (1969) ‘Late nineteenth-century colonial expansion and the attack on the theory of economic imperialism: a case of mistaken identity?’, The historical journal, 12(2). Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2637805.

Fanon, F. (1990) The wretched of the earth. London: Penguin.

Fatton, R. (1995) ‘Africa in the Age of Democratization: The Civic Limitations of Civil Society’, African Studies Review, 38(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/525318.

Fèuredi, F. (1989) The Mau Mau war in perspective. London: Currey.

Filip Reyntjens (2004) ‘Rwanda, Ten Years on: From Genocide to Dictatorship’, African Affairs, 103(411), pp. 177–210. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518608?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Francis K. Danquah (1994) ‘Rural Discontent and Decolonization in Ghana, 1945-1951’, Agricultural History, 68(1), pp. 1–19. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/3744447?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Freund, B. (1998) ‘The making of contemporary Africa: the development of African society since 1800’, The making of contemporary Africa: the development of African society since 1800. 2nd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=72ebb03a-2e8e-e711-80cb-005056af4099.

Geiger, S. (1987) ‘Women in Nationalist Struggle: Tanu Activists in Dar es Salaam’, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 20(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/219275.

Gjersø, J.F. (2015) ‘The Scramble for East Africa: British Motives Reconsidered, 1884–95’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 43(5), pp. 831–860. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2015.1026131.

Glaser, C. (2000) Bo-Tsotsi: the youth gangs of Soweto, 1935-1976. Oxford: James Currey.

Gourevitch, P. (1999) We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families: stories from Rwanda. London: Picador.

Grischow, J.D. (2001) ‘Late Colonial Development in British West Africa: The Gonja Development Project in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast, 1948-57’, Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, 35(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/486115.

Guy, J. (1994) The destruction of the Zulu kingdom: the Civil War in Zululand, 1879-1884. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: University of Natal Press.

Guy, J.J. (1971) ‘A note on firearms in the Zulu Kingdom with special reference to the Anglo-Zulu War, 1879’, The Journal of African History, 12(4), pp. 557–570. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/181013?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Hamilton, C.A. (1992) ‘“The character and objects of Chaka”: a reconsideration of the making of Shaka as “Mfecane” Motor’, The Journal of African History, 33(1), pp. 37–63. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/182274?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Hargreaves, J.D. (1996) Decolonization in Africa. 2nd ed. London: Longman.

Hatzfeld, J. (2008) A time for machetes: the Rwandan genocide - the killers speak. London: Serpent’s Tail.

Hearn, J. (2007) ‘African NGOs: The New Compradors?’, Development and Change, 38(6), pp. 1095–1110. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00447.x.

Helen Bradford (1996) ‘Women, Gender and Colonialism: Rethinking the History of the British Cape Colony and Its Frontier Zones, C. 1806-70’, The Journal of African History, 37(3), pp. 351–370. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/182498?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Henderson, I. (1975) ‘Early African leadership: the Copperbelt disturbances of 1935 and 1940’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 2(1), pp. 83–97. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2636616?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Hintjens, H.M. (1999) ‘Explaining the 1994 genocide in Rwanda’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 37(2), pp. 241–286. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/161847?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Hobsbawm, E.J. (1992) Nations and nationalism since 1780: programme, myth, reality. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hobsbawm, E.J. and Ranger, T.O. (1983) ‘The Invention of tradition’, The Invention of tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 211–262. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=4d674652-8c90-e611-80c7-005056af4099.

Hodge, J.M. and Project Muse (2007) Triumph of the Expert: Agrarian Doctrines of Development and the Legacies of British Colonialism [electronic resource]. Athens: Ohio University Press. Available at: https://login.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/login?url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/7031/.

Holland, R.F. (1985a) ‘European decolonization 1918-1981: an introductory survey’, European decolonization 1918-1981: an introductory survey. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=badacbbc-a193-e711-80cb-005056af4099.

Holland, R.F. (1985b) European decolonization 1918-1981: an introductory survey. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Hopkins, A.G. (1968a) ‘Economic imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880-92’, The Economic History Review, 21(3), pp. 580–606. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592752.

Hopkins, A.G. (1968b) ‘Economic imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880-92’, The Economic History Review, 21(3), pp. 580–606. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592752.

Hopkins, A.G. (1973) An economic history of West Africa. Harlow: Longman.

Hopkins, A.G. (1993) ‘“Blundering and plundering”: the scramble for Africa relived’, Journal of African history, 34(3), pp. 489–494. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/183104.

Horne, A. (1987) A savage war of peace: Algeria 1954-1962. Rev. ed. London: Papermac.

Hunt, N.R. (1988) ‘“Le Bebe en Brousse”: European Women, African Birth Spacing and Colonial Intervention in Breast Feeding in the Belgian Congo’, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 21(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/219448.

Hutchinson, M.C. (1978) Revolutionary terrorism. Stanford, Calif: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University.

Hutchinson, M.C. (1986) ‘The concept of revolutionary terrorism’, The Journal of Conflict Resolution (pre-1986), 16(3). Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/173583.

‘I saw a nightmare...’ Doing violence to memory: the Soweto uprising, June 16, 1976, by Helena Pohlandt-McCormick (no date). Available at: http://www.gutenberg-e.org/pohlandt-mccormick/.

Ian Henderson (1970) ‘The origins of nationalism in east and central Africa: the Zambian case’, Journal of African history, 11(4), pp. 591–603. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/180923.

Ihonvbere, J.O. (1996) ‘Are things falling apart? the military and the crisis of democratisation in Nigeria’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 34(2), pp. 193–225. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/162029?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Iliffe, J. (1967) ‘The organization of the Maji Maji rebellion’, Journal of African history, 8(3), pp. 495–512. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/179833.

Iliffe, J. (1979) A modern history of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Iliffe, J. (1987a) The African poor: a history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Iliffe, J. (1987b) ‘The African poor: a history’, The African poor: a history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–8. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5f2e826e-f3f6-e811-80cd-005056af4099.

Iliffe, J. (1987c) The African poor: a history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Iliffe, J. (2005a) Honour in African history. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Iliffe, J. (2005b) ‘Honour in African history’, Honour in African history. New York: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0e24e4d0-4492-e711-80cb-005056af4099.

Iliffe, J. (2005c) Honour in African history. New York: Cambridge University Press.

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Review by:                          RICHARD ROBERTS (2010) ‘Review: AFRICAN INTERMEDIARIES IN EARLY COLONIAL NIGERIA: Brokering Colonial Rule: Political Agents in Northern Nigeria, 1886-1914 by Philip Afeadi’, The Journal of African History, 51(2), pp. 257–259. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40985077?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

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Webb, Denver A (2015) ‘War, racism, and the taking of heads: revisiting military conflict in the Cape colony and western Xhosaland in the nineteenth century’, The Journal of African History, 56(01), pp. 37–55. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853714000693.

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(No date b) ‘Violent Development:  toward an economic history of African warfare and military organisation’. Available at: http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14195/.