1.
Iliffe J. Africans: The History of a Continent. Vol 137. Third edition. Cambridge University Press; 2017.
2.
Parker J, Rathbone R. African History: A Very Short Introduction. Vol Very short introductions. Oxford University Press; 2007. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=415063
3.
Philips JE. Writing African History. Vol Rochester studies in African history and the diaspora. University of Rochester Press; 2005. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=177071&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
4.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
5.
Nugent P. Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. Palgrave Macmillan; 2004.
6.
Cooper F. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
7.
Iliffe J. Honour in African History. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 2005.
8.
Iliffe J. The African Poor: A History. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 1987.
9.
Northrup DA. Africa’s discovery of Europe: 1450-1850. In: Africa’s Discovery of Europe: 1450-1850. Oxford University Press; 2002:1-23. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=b778972f-e2f3-e811-80cd-005056af4099
10.
Isichei EA. A history of African societies to 1870. In: A History of African Societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press; 1997:7-24. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=4ea2020f-07f7-e811-80cd-005056af4099
11.
Mudimbé VY. The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge. Vol African systems of thought. Indiana University Press; 1988.
12.
Parker J, Rathbone R. African History: A Very Short Introduction. Vol Very short introductions. Oxford University Press; 2007. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=114677&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
13.
Cooper F. Africa’s Pasts and Africa’s Historians. Canadian Journal of African Studies. 2000;34(2). doi:10.2307/486417
14.
Miller JC. History and Africa/Africa and History. The American Historical Review. 1999;104(1). doi:10.2307/2650179
15.
Iliffe J. Africans: the history of a continent. In: Africans: The History of a Continent. Vol African studies. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2008. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a0ec27dc-4792-e711-80cb-005056af4099
16.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
17.
Northrup DA. Africa’s Discovery of Europe: 1450-1850. Oxford University Press; 2002.
18.
Lovejoy PE. Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. Vol African studies. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2011. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=334087&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
19.
Austen RA. African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency. James Currey; 1987.
20.
Freund B. The making of contemporary Africa: the development of African society since 1800. In: The Making of Contemporary Africa: The Development of African Society since 1800. 2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan; 1998. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=72ebb03a-2e8e-e711-80cb-005056af4099
21.
Hopkins AG. An Economic History of West Africa. Longman; 1973.
22.
Law R, University of Stirling. Centre of Commonwealth Studies. From Slave Trade to ‘legitimate’ Commerce: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa : Papers from a Conference of the Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling. Vol African studies. 1st pbk. ed. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
23.
Eltis D. Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Oxford University Press; 1987. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=4702986
24.
Hopkins AG. Economic imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880-92. The Economic History Review. 1968;21(3):580-606. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592752
25.
African Historiography: Essays in Honour of Jacob Ade Ajayi,. Longman; 1993.
26.
Lovejoy PE, Richardson D. From slave trade to ‘legitimate’ commerce: the commercial transition in nineteenth-century West Africa. In: From Slave Trade to ‘legitimate’ Commerce: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa. Vol African studies. 1st pbk. ed. Cambridge University Press; 2002:32-56. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=08dba310-edf3-e811-80cd-005056af4099
27.
Law R, University of Stirling. Centre of Commonwealth Studies. From Slave Trade to ‘legitimate’ Commerce: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa : Papers from a Conference of the Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling. Vol African studies. 1st pbk. ed. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
28.
Northrup D. The compatibility of the slave and palm oil trades in the bight of Biafra. The Journal of African History. 1976;17(3):353-364. http://www.jstor.org/stable/180699
29.
Clarke J. Households and the political economy of small-scale cash crop production in South-Western Nigeria. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 1981;51(4):807-823. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1159355?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
30.
Dussel CJK. The nineteenth century commercial transition in West Africa: the case of the Biafra Hinterland. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines. 2000;34(3):588-615. http://www.jstor.org/stable/486214?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
31.
Oriji JN. A re-assessment of the organisation and benefits of the slave and palm produce trade amongst the Ngwa - Igbo. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines. 1982;16(3):523-548. http://www.jstor.org/stable/484558
32.
Law R, University of Stirling. Centre of Commonwealth Studies. From Slave Trade to ‘legitimate’ Commerce: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa : Papers from a Conference of the Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling. Vol African studies. 1st pbk. ed. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
33.
Manning P. Slavery and the slave trade in Colonial Africa. The Journal of African History. 1990;31(01). doi:10.1017/S0021853700024828
34.
Rodney W. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Rev. ed. Pambazuka; 2012.
35.
Alpers EA. Ivory & Slaves in East Central Africa: Changing Patterns of International Trade to the Later Nineteenth Century. Heinemann Educational; 1975.
36.
Shorter A. Nyungu-ya-Mawe and the ‘Empire of the Ruga-rugas’. The Journal of African History. 1968;9(02). doi:10.1017/S0021853700008859
37.
Reid R. The Ganda on Lake Victoria: a nineteenth-century East African imperialism. Journal of African history. 1998;39(3):349-363. http://www.jstor.org/stable/183358
38.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
39.
Sheriff A. Slaves, Spices & Ivory in Zanzibar: Integration of an East African Commercial Empire into the World Economy, 1770-1873. Vol Eastern African studies. Currey; 1987.
40.
Bennett NR. Mirambo of Tanzania, 1840?-1884. In: Mirambo of Tanzania, 1840?-1884. Oxford University Press; 1971:3-32. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=889fe26a-f5f6-e811-80cd-005056af4099
41.
Bennett NR. Chapter 1: The Nyamwezi and the Arabs. In: Mirambo of Tanzania, 1840?-1884. Oxford University Press; 1971:3-32. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0f7418e9-a7fe-eb11-b563-0050f2f09783
42.
Richard J. Reid. Political power in pre-colonial Buganda. In: Political Power in Pre-Colonial Buganda. James Currey; 2002. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=f88f58ed-af93-e711-80cb-005056af4099
43.
Violent Development:  toward an economic history of African warfare and military organisation. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14195/
44.
Reid RJ, British Institute in Eastern Africa. War in Pre-Colonial Eastern Africa: The Patterns & Meanings of State-Level Conflict in the Nineteenth Century. Vol Eastern African studies. James Currey; 2007.
45.
Doyle S. Crisis & Decline in Bunyoro: Population & Environment in Western Uganda 1860-1955. Vol Eastern African studies. The British Institute in Eastern Africa; 2006.
46.
Reid RJ. Warfare in African History. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=364071&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
47.
Reid R. Images of an African ruler: Kabaka Mutesa of Buganda, ca. 1857-1884. History in Africa. 1999;26:269-298. doi:10.2307/3172144
48.
Reid R. Mutesa and Mirambo: thoughts on East African warfare and diplomacy in the nineteenth century. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 1998;31(1):73-89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/220885?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
49.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
50.
Cobbing J. The Mfecane as alibi: thoughts on Dithakong and Mbolompo. Journal of African history. 1988;29(3):487-519. http://www.jstor.org/stable/182353
51.
Eldredge EA. Sources of conflict in Southern Africa, c. 1800-30: the ‘Mfecane’ reconsidered. The journal of African history. 1992;33(1). http://www.jstor.org/stable/182273
52.
Davenport TRH. South Africa: A Modern History. 5th ed. Macmillan; 2000.
53.
Guy J. The Destruction of the Zulu Kingdom: The Civil War in Zululand, 1879-1884. University of Natal Press; 1994.
54.
Hamilton CA. ‘The character and objects of Chaka’: a reconsideration of the making of Shaka as ‘Mfecane’ Motor. The Journal of African History. 1992;33(1):37-63. http://www.jstor.org/stable/182274?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
55.
Omar-Cooper J. The Zulu Aftermath: A Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Bantu Africa.
56.
Ross R. A Concise History of South Africa. Cambridge University Press; 1999.
57.
Wylie D. Myth of Iron: Shaka in History. James Currey; 2006.
58.
Guy JJ. A note on firearms in the Zulu Kingdom with special reference to the Anglo-Zulu War, 1879. The Journal of African History. 1971;12(4):557-570. http://www.jstor.org/stable/181013?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
59.
Webb DA. War, racism, and the taking of heads: revisiting military conflict in the Cape Colony and Western Xhosaland in the  nineteenth century. The Journal of African History. 2015;56(01):37-55. doi:10.1017/S0021853714000693
60.
Webb DA. War, racism, and the taking of heads: revisiting military conflict in the Cape colony and western Xhosaland in the nineteenth century. The Journal of African History. 2015;56(01):37-55. doi:10.1017/S0021853714000693
61.
Hopkins AG. ‘Blundering and plundering’: the scramble for Africa relived. Journal of African history. 1993;34(3):489-494. http://www.jstor.org/stable/183104
62.
Iliffe J. Africans: The History of a Continent. Vol African studies. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2008.
63.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
64.
Richard Waller. The Maasai and the British 1895-1905. the Origins of an Alliance. The Journal of African History. 1976;17(4):529-553. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/180738?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=the&searchText=maasai&searchText=and&searchText=the&searchText=british&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dthe%2Bmaasai%2Band%2Bthe%2Bbritish%26amp%3Bfilter%3Djid%253A10.2307%252Fj100201%26amp%3BSearch%3DSearch%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3BglobalSearch%3D%26amp%3BsbbBox%3D%26amp%3BsbjBox%3D%26amp%3BsbpBox%3D
65.
Young C. The African colonial state in comparative perspective. In: The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective. Yale University Press; 1994. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=992409fc-278e-e711-80cb-005056af4099
66.
Austen RA. African economic history: internal development and external dependency. In: African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency. James Currey; 1987. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=bf4fab62-278e-e711-80cb-005056af4099
67.
Iliffe J. Honour in African history. In: Honour in African History. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 2005. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0e24e4d0-4492-e711-80cb-005056af4099
68.
Iliffe J. Honour in African History. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 2005.
69.
Gjersø JF. The Scramble for East Africa: British Motives Reconsidered, 1884–95. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 2015;43(5):831-860. doi:10.1080/03086534.2015.1026131
70.
Isaacman A, Isaacman B. Resistance and Collaboration in Southern and Central Africa, c. 1850-1920. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 1977;10(1). doi:10.2307/216890
71.
Tvedt T. Hydrology and Empire: The Nile, Water Imperialism and the Partition of Africa. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 2011;39(2):173-194. doi:10.1080/03086534.2011.568759
72.
Hopkins AG. Economic imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880-92. The Economic History Review. 1968;21(3):580-606. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592752
73.
Eric Stokes. Late nineteenth-century colonial expansion and the attack on the theory of economic imperialism: a case of mistaken identity? The historical journal. 1969;12(2). http://www.jstor.org/stable/2637805
74.
John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson. The Imperialism of Free Trade. The Economic History Review. 1953;6(1):1-15. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2591017
75.
Robinson R. Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. New paperback edition. (Gallagher J, Denny A, eds.). I.B. Tauris; 2015.
76.
Vandervort B. Wars of Imperial Conquest in Africa, 1830-1914. Vol Warfare and history. UCL Press; 1998. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=40829&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
77.
Beach DN. ‘Chimurenga’: the Shona rising of 1896-97. Journal of African history. 1979;20(3):395-420. http://www.jstor.org/stable/181122
78.
Iliffe J. The organization of the Maji Maji rebellion. Journal of African history. 1967;8(3):495-512. http://www.jstor.org/stable/179833
79.
Ranger TO. Connexions between ‘primary resistance’ movements and modern mass nationalism in east and central Africa. Part I. Journal of African history. 1968;9(3):437-453. http://www.jstor.org/stable/180275
80.
Robinson D. Beyond Resistance and Collaboration: Amadu Bamba and the Murids of Senegal. Journal of Religion in Africa. 1991;21(2). doi:10.2307/1580803
81.
Schreuder DM. The Scramble for Southern Africa, 1877-1895: The Politics of Partition Reappraised. Vol Cambridge Commonwealth series. Cambridge University Press; 2009.
82.
Hobsbawm EJ, Ranger TO. The Invention of tradition. In: The Invention of Tradition. Vol Past and present publications. Cambridge University Press; 1983:211-262. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=4d674652-8c90-e611-80c7-005056af4099
83.
Terence Ranger. The Invention of Tradition Revisited: The Case of Colonial Africa. Occasional Paper. 2014;(11):5-50. http://ojs.ruc.dk/index.php/ocpa/article/view/3604/1786
84.
Cooper F. Africa since 1940: the past of the present. In: Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2002. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=667ebe57-248e-e711-80cb-005056af4099
85.
Cooper F. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
86.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
87.
The "Bargain” of Collaboration: African Intermediaries, Indirect Recruitment, and Indigenous Institutions in the Ghanaian Gold Mining Industry, 1900–1906<a href="#fn2606">*</a>. International Review of Social History. 2012;57(S20):17-38. https://zenodo.org/record/259381#.W-67ScQyWUk
88.
Stilwell S. Constructing Colonial Power: Tradition, Legitimacy and Government in Kano, 1903–63. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 2011;39(2):195-225. doi:10.1080/03086534.2011.568760
89.
Iliffe J. Honour in African History. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 2005.
90.
Lonsdale J, Berman B. Coping with the contradictions: the development of the colonial state in Kenya, 1895-1914. Journal of African history. 1979;20(4):487-505. http://www.jstor.org/stable/181774
91.
Tibenderana PK. The role of the British administration in the appointment of the Emirs of northern Nigeria, 1903-1931: the case of Sokoto province. Journal of African history. 1987;28(2):231-257. http://www.jstor.org/stable/181548
92.
Spear T. Neo-traditionalism and the limits of invention in British colonial Africa. Journal of African history. 2003;44(1):3-27. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4100380
93.
Berry S. Unsettled accounts: stool debts, chieftaincy disputes and the question of Asante constitutionalism. Journal of African history. 1998;39(1):39-62. http://www.jstor.org/stable/183329
94.
Mamdani M. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Vol Princeton studies in culture/power/history. Princeton University Press; 1996.
95.
Young C. The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective. Yale University Press; 1994.
96.
Iliffe J. The African poor: a history. In: The African Poor: A History. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 1987:1-8. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5f2e826e-f3f6-e811-80cd-005056af4099
97.
Iliffe J. The African Poor: A History. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 1987.
98.
Mamdani M. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Vol Princeton studies in culture/power/history. Princeton University Press; 1996.
99.
Austen RA. African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency. James Currey; 1987.
100.
Austin G. The emergence of capitalist relations in South Asante cocoa-farming, c. 1916-33. Journal of African history. 1987;28(2):259-279. http://www.jstor.org/stable/181549
101.
Chimhundu H. Early missionaries and the ethnolinguistic factor during the ‘invention of tribalism’ in Zimbabwe. Journal of African history. 1992;33(1):87-109. http://www.jstor.org/stable/182276
102.
Phimister I. Coal, crisis, and class struggle: Wankie colliery, 1918-22. Journal of African history. 1992;33(1):65-86. http://www.jstor.org/stable/182275
103.
Isaacman A, Isaacman B. Resistance and Collaboration in Southern and Central Africa, c. 1850-1920. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 1977;10(1). doi:10.2307/216890
104.
J. D. Hargreaves. Towards a History of the Partition of Africa. The Journal of African History. 1960;1(1):97-109. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/179709?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
105.
Sekibakiba Peter Lekgoathi. ‘Colonial’ Experts, Local Interlocutors, Informants and the Making of an Archive on the ‘Transvaal Ndebele’, 1930-1989. The Journal of African History. 2009;50(1):61-80. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/40206698?Search=yes&amp;resultItemClick=true&amp;searchText=african&amp;searchText=intermediaries&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Ffilter%3Djid%253A10.2307%252Fj100201%26amp%3BQuery%3Dafrican%2Bintermediaries&amp;refreqid=search%3A45de814b5f66cbf09aef7ab39458305b&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
106.
Mamdani M. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Vol Princeton studies in culture/power/history. Princeton University Press; 1996.
107.
A. H. M. Kirk-Greene. The Thin White Line: The Size of the British Colonial Service in Africa. African Affairs. 1980;79(314):25-44. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/721630?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
108.
Mark-Thiesen C. The "Bargain” of Collaboration: African Intermediaries, Indirect Recruitment, and Indigenous Institutions in the Ghanaian Gold Mining Industry, 1900–1906. International Review of Social History. 2012;57(S20):17-38. doi:10.1017/S0020859012000405
109.
OSBORN EL. ‘CIRCLE OF IRON’: AFRICAN COLONIAL EMPLOYEES AND THE INTERPRETATION OF COLONIAL RULE IN FRENCH WEST AFRICA. The Journal of African History. 2003;44(01). doi:10.1017/S0021853702008307
110.
Burton A. Adjutants, agents, intermediaries: The Native Administration in Dar es Salaam township, 1919–61. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 2001;36-37(1):98-118. doi:10.1080/00672700109511702
111.
Review by:                          RICHARD ROBERTS. Review: AFRICAN INTERMEDIARIES IN EARLY COLONIAL NIGERIA: Brokering Colonial Rule: Political Agents in Northern Nigeria, 1886-1914 by Philip Afeadi. The Journal of African History. 2010;51(2):257-259. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40985077?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
112.
Parsons TH. African Rank-and-File: Social Implications of Colonial Military Service in the King’s African Rifles. Heinemann; 1999.
113.
Policing the Empire. Manchester University Press; 1991.
114.
Killingray D, Omissi DE. Guardians of Empire: The Armed Forces of the Colonial Powers, c. 1700-1964. Vol Studies in imperialism. Manchester University Press; 1999.
115.
Clayton A, Killingray D. Khaki and Blue: Military and Police in British Colonial Africa. Vol Monographs in international studies. Ohio University Center for International Studies; 1989.
116.
Lynn M. Thomas. Imperial Concerns and ‘Women’s Affairs’: State Efforts to Regulate Clitoridectomy and Eradicate Abortion in Meru, Kenya, c. 1910-1950. The Journal of African History. 1998;39(1):121-145. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/183332?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
117.
Meredith McKittrick. Faithful Daughter, Murdering Mother: Transgression and Social Control in Colonial Namibia. The Journal of African History. 1999;40(2):265-283. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/183549?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
118.
Timothy Scarnecchia. Poor Women and Nationalist Politics: Alliances and Fissures in the Formation of a Nationalist Political Movement in Salisbury, Rhodesia, 1950-6. The Journal of African History. 1996;37(2):283-310. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/183187?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
119.
Jean Allman. Rounding up Spinsters: Gender Chaos and Unmarried Women in Colonial Asante. The Journal of African History. 1996;37(2):195-214. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/183183?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
120.
Helen Bradford. Women, Gender and Colonialism: Rethinking the History of the British Cape Colony and Its Frontier Zones, C. 1806-70. The Journal of African History. 1996;37(3):351-370. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/182498?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
121.
McClintock A. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. Routledge; 1995.
122.
Carol Summers. Intimate Colonialism: The Imperial Production of Reproduction in Uganda, 1907-1925. Signs. 1991;16(4):787-807. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/3174573?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
123.
Beverly Grier. Pawns, Porters, and Petty Traders: Women in the Transition to Cash Crop Agriculture in Colonial Ghana. Signs. 1992;17(2):304-328. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/3174466?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
124.
Elizabeth A. Eldredge. Women in Production: The Economic Role of Women in Nineteenth-Century Lesotho. Signs. 1991;16(4):707-731. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/3174570?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
125.
Jean Allman. Making Mothers: Missionaries, Medical Officers and Women’s Work in Colonial Asante, 1924-1945. History Workshop. 1994;(38):23-47. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/4289318?Search=yes&amp;resultItemClick=true&amp;searchText=jean&amp;searchText=allman&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Ffilter%3Djid%253A10.2307%252Fj101413%26amp%3BQuery%3Djean%2Ballman&amp;refreqid=search%3Abefcf7309444093bc682d35c38d72587&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
126.
Susan Pedersen. National Bodies, Unspeakable Acts: The Sexual Politics of Colonial Policy-making. The Journal of Modern History. 1991;63(4):647-680. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/2938584
127.
Robertson, Claire1. TRADERS AND URBAN STRUGGLE: Ideology and the Creation of a Militant Female Underclass in Nairobi, 1960-1990. Journal of Women’s History. 1993;4(3):9-42. http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;AuthType=ip,shib&amp;db=a9h&amp;AN=56631256&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site&amp;custid=s1123049
128.
‘Sisters; was this what we struggled for?’: The Gendered Rivalry in Power and Politics. http://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1803&amp;context=jiws
129.
Presley CA. The Mau Mau Rebellion, Kikuyu Women, and Social Change. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines. 1988;22(3). doi:10.2307/485952
130.
Mamphela Ramphele. The Dynamics of Gender Politics in the Hostels of Cape Town: Another Legacy of the South African Migrant Labour System. Journal of Southern African Studies. 1989;15(3):393-414. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/2636404?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
131.
Marcia Wright. Technology, Marriage and Women’s Work in the History of Maize-Growers in Mazabuka, Zambia: A Reconnaissance. Journal of Southern African Studies. 1983;10(1):71-85. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/2636817?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
132.
Hunt NR. ‘Le Bebe en Brousse’: European Women, African Birth Spacing and Colonial Intervention in Breast Feeding in the Belgian Congo. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 1988;21(3). doi:10.2307/219448
133.
Parpart JL. ‘Where Is Your Mother?’: Gender, Urban Marriage, and Colonial Discourse on the Zambian Copperbelt, 1924-1945. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 1994;27(2). doi:10.2307/221025
134.
Geiger S. Women in Nationalist Struggle: Tanu Activists in Dar es Salaam. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 1987;20(1). doi:10.2307/219275
135.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
136.
Wartime recruiting practices, martial identity and post-World War II demobilization in Colonial Kenya. Journal of African history. 2005;46:103-125. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&amp;fid=290533&amp;jid=AFH&amp;volumeId=46&amp;issueId=01&amp;aid=290532&amp;bodyId=&amp;membershipNumber=&amp;societyETOCSession=
137.
Leach M, Mearns R. The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environment. Vol African issues. James Currey; 1996.
138.
Lewis J. Empire State-Building: War and Welfare in Kenya, 1925-52. Vol Eastern African studies. James Currey; 2001.
139.
Cooper F. Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 1996.
140.
Hodge JM, Project Muse. Triumph of the Expert: Agrarian Doctrines of Development and the Legacies of British Colonialism. Ohio University Press; 2007. https://login.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/login?url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/7031/
141.
Cooper F. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
142.
David Anderson. Depression, Dust Bowl, Demography, and Drought: The Colonial State and Soil Conservation in East Africa during the 1930s. African Affairs. 1984;83(332):321-343. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/722351?Search=yes&amp;resultItemClick=true&amp;searchText=depression&amp;searchText=dust&amp;searchText=bowl&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Ddepression%2Bdust%2Bbowl%26amp%3Bfilter%3D&amp;refreqid=search%3Ab95d28373d9fea9839158069baa3de5d&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
143.
Mac Dixon-Fyle. Agricultural Improvement and Political Protest on the Tonga Plateau, Northern Rhodesia. The Journal of African History. 1977;18(4):579-596. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/180833
144.
Michael Drinkwater. Technical Development and Peasant Impoverishment: Land Use Policy in Zimbabwe’s Midlands Province. Journal of Southern African Studies. 1989;15(2):287-305. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/2636804?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
145.
William Beinart. Introduction: The Politics of Colonial Conservation. Journal of Southern African Studies. 1989;15(2):143-162. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/2636798?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
146.
Francis K. Danquah. Rural Discontent and Decolonization in Ghana, 1945-1951. Agricultural History. 1994;68(1):1-19. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/3744447?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
147.
Leach M, Mearns R. The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environment. Vol African issues. James Currey; 1996.
148.
Andreas Eckert. ‘A Showcase for Experiments’: Local Government Reforms in Colonial Tanzania, 1940s and 1950s. Africa Spectrum. 1999;34(2):212-235. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/40174799?Search=yes&amp;resultItemClick=true&amp;searchText=second&amp;searchText=colonial&amp;searchText=occupation&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoAdvancedSearch%3Fq0%3Dsecond%2Bcolonial%2Boccupation%26amp%3BresultsServiceName%3DdoBackToBasicResults%26amp%3Brefreqid%3Dsearch%253Acd243169af8fe3fc85b9606c1cc2a91e%26amp%3Bpage%3D2&amp;refreqid=search%3A33e0932707b2eb2cc42d613162acf2a2&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
149.
Grischow JD. Late Colonial Development in British West Africa: The Gonja Development Project in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast, 1948-57. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines. 2001;35(2). doi:10.2307/486115
150.
Cooper F. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
151.
Berman B, Lonsdale J. Unhappy Valley: Conflict in Kenya & Africa, Bk.1: State & Class. Vol Eastern African studies. James Currey; 1992.
152.
Holland RF. European decolonization 1918-1981: an introductory survey. In: European Decolonization 1918-1981: An Introductory Survey. Vol Themes in comparative history. Macmillan; 1985. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=badacbbc-a193-e711-80cb-005056af4099
153.
Iliffe J. Africans: The History of a Continent. Vol African studies. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2008.
154.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
155.
Brands H. Wartime recruiting practices, martial identity and post-World War II demobilization in colonial Kenya. The Journal of African History. 2005;46(1):103-125. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4100831?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
156.
Allman JM. The youngmen and the porcupine: class, nationalism and Asante’s struggle for self-determination, 1954-57. Journal of African history. 1990;31(2):263-279. http://www.jstor.org/stable/182768
157.
Sherwood M. Origins of Pan-Africanism: Henry Sylvester Williams, Africa and the African Diaspora. Vol Routledge studies in modern British history. Routledge; 2011. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=383259&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
158.
Henderson I. Early African leadership: the Copperbelt disturbances of 1935 and 1940. Journal of Southern African Studies. 1975;2(1):83-97. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2636616?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
159.
Charles Perrings. Consciousness, conflict and Proletarianization: an assessment of the 1935 Mineworkers’ Strike on the Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt. Journal of Southern African Studies. 1977;4(1):31-51. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2636586?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
160.
Phimister I. Coal, crisis, and class struggle: Wankie Colliery, 1918-22. The Journal of African History. 1992;33(1):65-86. http://www.jstor.org/stable/182275
161.
Terence Osborne Ranger. Dance and Society in Eastern Africa 1890-1970. University of California Press; 1975.
162.
MacGaffey W. The implantation of Kimbanguism in Kisangani, Zaire. The Journal of African History. 1982;23(03). doi:10.1017/S0021853700020983
163.
Milburn JM. The 1938 Gold Coast cocoa crisis: British business and the Colonial Office. African Historical Studies. 1970;3(1):57-74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/216480?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
164.
Palmer R. Working conditions and worker responses on Nyasaland tea estates, 1930-1953. The Journal of African History. 1986;27(1):105-126. http://www.jstor.org/stable/181339?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
165.
Ian Henderson. The origins of nationalism in east and central Africa: the Zambian case. Journal of African history. 1970;11(4):591-603. http://www.jstor.org/stable/180923
166.
Lonsdale JM. Some origins of nationalism in East Africa. Journal of African history. 1968;9(1):119-146. http://www.jstor.org/stable/179923
167.
Wartime recruiting practices, martial identity and post-World War II demobilization in Colonial Kenya. Journal of African history. 2005;46:103-125. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4100831
168.
Branch D. The enemy within: Loyalists and the war against Mau Mau in Kenya. The Journal of African History. 2007;48(2):291-315. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4501043
169.
Fèuredi F. The Mau Mau War in Perspective. Vol Eastern African studies. Currey; 1989.
170.
Lonsdale J. Mau Maus of the mind: making Mau Mau and remaking Kenya. The Journal of African History. 1990;31(3):393-421. http://www.jstor.org/stable/182877
171.
Berman BJ. Nationalism, ethnicity, and modernity: the paradox of Mau Mau. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines. 1991;25(2):181-206. http://www.jstor.org/stable/485216
172.
Baggallay AR. Myths of Mau Mau expanded: rehabilitation in Kenya’s detention camps, 1954–60. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2011;5(3):553-578. doi:10.1080/17531055.2011.611677
173.
Berman B, Lonsdale J. Unhappy Valley: Conflict in Kenya & Africa, Bk.1: State & Class. Vol Eastern African studies. James Currey; 1992.
174.
Elkins C. Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain’s Gulag in Kenya. 1st ed. Henry Holt; 2005.
175.
Anderson D. Histories of the Hanged: Britain’s Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire. Phoenix; 2006.
176.
Branch D. Defeating Mau Mau, Creating Kenya: Counterinsurgency, Civil War, and Decolonization. Vol African studies. Cambridge University Press; 2009.
177.
Bennett HC. Fighting the Mau Mau: The British Army and Counter-Insurgency in the Kenya Emergency. Vol Cambridge military histories. Cambridge University Press; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=413058&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
178.
Aussaresses P. The Battle of the Casbah. Enigma; 2010.
179.
Horne A. A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962. Rev. ed. Papermac; 1987.
180.
Hutchinson MC. Revolutionary Terrorism. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University; 1978.
181.
Baggallay AR. Myths of Mau Mau expanded: rehabilitation in Kenya’s detention camps, 1954–60. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2011;5(3):553-578. doi:10.1080/17531055.2011.611677
182.
Smith T. The French Stake in Algeria, 1945-1962.
183.
Talbott JE. The War without a Name: France in Algeria, 1954-1962. Faber; 1981.
184.
Bennoune M. The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987: Colonial Upheavals and Post-Independence Development. Vol Cambridge Middle East library. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
185.
Fanon F. The Wretched of the Earth. Vol Penguin twentieth-century classics. Penguin; 1990.
186.
Ruedy J. Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation. 2nd ed. Indiana University Press; 2005.
187.
Hutchinson MC. The concept of revolutionary terrorism. The Journal of Conflict Resolution (pre-1986). 1986;16(3). http://www.jstor.org/stable/173583
188.
Knauss PR, Hutchinson MC. Revolutionary Terrorism: The FLN in Algeria, 1954-1962. The American Political Science Review. 1980;74(1). doi:10.2307/1955738
189.
Hargreaves JD. Decolonization in Africa. Vol Postwar world. 2nd ed. Longman; 1996.
190.
Holland RF. European Decolonization 1918-1981: An Introductory Survey. Vol Themes in comparative history. Macmillan; 1985.
191.
Iliffe J. A Modern History of Tanganyika. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 1979.
192.
Hobsbawm EJ. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Vol Canto. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 1992.
193.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
194.
Cooper F. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
195.
Iliffe J. Africans: The History of a Continent. Vol African studies. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2008.
196.
Nugent P. Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. Palgrave Macmillan; 2004.
197.
Nugent P. Africa since independence: a comparative history. In: Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. Palgrave Macmillan; 2004. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0d622025-4992-e711-80cb-005056af4099
198.
Morgan G. Violence in Mozambique: towards an understanding of Renamo. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1990;28(4):603-619. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/160923?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=glenda&searchText=morgan&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dglenda%2Bmorgan%26amp%3Bfilter%3Djid%253A10.2307%252Fj100235%26amp%3BSearch%3DSearch%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3BglobalSearch%3D%26amp%3BsbbBox%3D%26amp%3BsbjBox%3D%26amp%3BsbpBox%3D
199.
Crowder M. Whose dream was It anyway? Twenty-five years of African independence. African Affairs. 1987;86(342):7-24. http://www.jstor.org/stable/722863?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
200.
Austen RA. African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency. James Currey; 1987.
201.
Clapham CS. Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival. Vol Cambridge studies in international relations. Cambridge University Press; 1996.
202.
Iliffe J. Africans: The History of a Continent. Vol African studies. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2008.
203.
Cooper F. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
204.
Nugent P. Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. Palgrave Macmillan; 2004.
205.
Englebert P, Hummel R. Let’s stick together: understanding Africa’s secessionist deficit. African Affairs. 2005;104(416):399-427. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518722
206.
Cooper F. Possibility and constraint: African independence in historical perspective. The Journal of African History. 2008;49(02). doi:10.1017/S0021853708003915
207.
Asiwaju AI. Partitioned Africans: Ethnic Relations across Africa’s International Boundaries, 1884-1984. St. Martin’s Press; 1985.
208.
Brennan JR. Lowering the Sultan’s Flag: sovereignty and decolonization in coastal Kenya. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 2008;50(4):831-861. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27563710
209.
Nugent P, Asiwaju AI. African boundaries : barriers, conduits, and opportunities. In: African Boundaries : Barriers, Conduits, and Opportunities. Pinter; 1996:1-17. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=b18b56a8-f5f3-e811-80cd-005056af4099
210.
Lewis IM (Ioan M. Nationalism & Self Determination in the Horn of Africa. Ithaca Press; 1983.
211.
Achebe C. There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra. Penguin Books; 2013.
212.
Markakis J. National and Class Conflict in the Horn of Africa. Zed Books Ltd; 1990.
213.
Johnson DH, International African Institute. The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars. Vol African issues. International African Institute in association with James Currey; 2003.
214.
Reno W. Warfare in Independent Africa. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2011. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=803173
215.
Emizet F. Kisangani. Civil Wars in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1960-2010. Lynne Rienner Publishers; 2012.
216.
Whittaker H. Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya: A Social History of the Shifta Conflict, c. 1963-1968. Vol Volume 34. Brill; 2015. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=1823624
217.
Young C. The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010. Vol Africa and the diaspora: history, politics, culture. The University of Wisconsin Press; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=450485&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
218.
De St Jorre J. The Nigerian Civil War. Hodder and Stoughton; 1972.
219.
Decalo S. Coups and Army Rule in Africa: Studies in Military Style. Yale University Press; 1976.
220.
Reno W. Warfare in Independent Africa. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2011. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=803173
221.
Brett EA. Neutralising the use of force in Uganda: the role of the military in politics. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1995;33(1):129-152. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161549?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
222.
Nugent P. Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. Palgrave Macmillan; 2004.
223.
Reid RJ. Warfare in African History. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=364071&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
224.
Achebe C. There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra. Penguin Books; 2013.
225.
Chabal P, Daloz JP. Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. Vol African issues. International African Institute in association with James Currey, Oxford; 1999.
226.
Clapham CS. Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival. Vol Cambridge studies in international relations. Cambridge University Press; 1996.
227.
Bayart JF, Ellis S, Hibou B, International African Institute. The Criminalization of the State in Africa. Vol African issues. International African Institute in association with J. Currey, Oxford; 1999.
228.
M. S. M. Semakula Kiwanuka. Amin and the Tragedy of Uganda. Weltforum Verlag; 1979.
229.
Iliffe J. Honour in African History. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 2005.
230.
Cooper F. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
231.
Ihonvbere JO. Are things falling apart? the military and the crisis of democratisation in Nigeria. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1996;34(2):193-225. http://www.jstor.org/stable/162029?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
232.
Panter-Brick SK. Nigerian Politics and Military Rule: Prelude to the Civil War. Vol Commonwealth papers. Published for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies (by) Athlone Press; 1970.
233.
De St Jorre J. The Nigerian Civil War. Hodder and Stoughton; 1972.
234.
Stremlau JJ. The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970. Princeton University Press; 1977.
235.
‘I saw a nightmare...’ Doing violence to memory: the Soweto uprising, June 16, 1976, by Helena Pohlandt-McCormick. http://www.gutenberg-e.org/pohlandt-mccormick/
236.
Clive Glaser. ‘We must infiltrate the Tsotsis’: school politics and youth gangs in Soweto, 1968-1976. Journal of southern African studies. 1998;24(2):301-323. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2637529
237.
Year of Fire, Year of Ash. https://www.zedbooks.net/shop/book/year-of-fire-year-of-ash/
238.
Glaser C. Bo-Tsotsi: The Youth Gangs of Soweto, 1935-1976. Vol Social History of Africa. James Currey; 2000.
239.
Badat S, Badat S. Black Student Politics: Higher Education and Apartheid from SASO to SANSCO, 1968-1990. Vol Studies in higher education, dissertation series. RoutledgeFalmer; 2002.
240.
Waller R. Rebellious youth in colonial Africa. The Journal of African History. 2006;47(1):77-92. doi:10.1017/S0021853705001672
241.
Richards P. Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth & Resources in Sierra Leone. Vol African issues. The International African Institute in association with James Currey; 1996.
242.
Soweto’s Islands of Learning: Morris Isaacson and Orlando High Schools Under Bantu Education, 1958-1975. Journal of southern African studies. 2015;41:159-172. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03057070.2015.991573
243.
The Mapping of the June 16, 1976, Soweto Student Uprising Routes: Past Recollections and Present Reconstruction(s). Journal of African cultural studies. 1AD;19:7-36. http://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Mapping+of+the+June+16%2C+1976%2C+Soweto+Student+Uprising+Routes%3A+Past+Recollections+and+Present+Reconstruction%28s%29&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+Cultural+Studies&rft.au=Hlongwane%2C+Ali+Khangela&rft.date=2007-06-01&rft.pub=Carfax+Publishing&rft.issn=1369-6815&rft.eissn=1469-9346&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.epage=36&rft.externalDocID=00346218&paramdict=en-UK
244.
Ruth Kerkham Simbao. The Thirtieth Anniversary of the Soweto Uprisings: Reading the Shadow in Sam Nzima’s Iconic Photograph of Hector Pieterson. African Arts. 2007;40(2):52-69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20447828?pq-origsite=summon&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
245.
Simpson T. Main Machinery: The ANC’s Armed Underground in Johannesburg During the 1976 Soweto Uprising. African Studies. 2011;70(3):415-436. doi:10.1080/00020184.2011.628801
246.
Maynard W. Swanson. The Sanitation Syndrome: Bubonic Plague and Urban Native Policy in the Cape Colony, 1900-1909. The Journal of African History. 1977;18(3):387-410. https://www.jstor.org/stable/180639?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
247.
Iliffe J. Africans: The History of a Continent. Vol African studies. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2008.
248.
Nugent P. Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. Palgrave Macmillan; 2004.
249.
Cohen R. Endgame in South Africa?: The Changing Structures & Ideology of Apartheid. Currey; 1986.
250.
Ellis S, Sechaba T. Comrades against Apartheid: The ANC & the South African Communist Party in Exile. James Currey; 1992.
251.
Lipton M. Capitalism and Apartheid: South Africa, 1910-84. Gower/Maurice Temple Smith; 1985.
252.
Booth D. The Race Game: Sport and Politics in South Africa. Vol Cass series--sport in the global society. Frank Cass; 1998. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=420319&amp;entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
253.
Alegi P, Bolsmann C. South Africa and the Global Game: Football, Apartheid and Beyond. Vol Sport in the global society. Contemporary perspectives. Routledge; 2010.
254.
Beinart W, Dubow S. Segregation and Apartheid in Twentieth-Century South Africa. Vol Rewriting histories. Routledge; 1995. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=32017&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
255.
Philip I. Levy. Sanctions on South Africa: What Did They Do? The American Economic Review. 1999;89(2):415-420. https://www.jstor.org/stable/117146?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
256.
Mandela N, Van Wyk C, Bouma P. Long Walk to Freedom. Roaring Brook Press; 2009.
257.
Walshe P. The Rise of African Nationalism in South Africa: The African National Congress, 1912-1952. C. Hurst; 1970.
258.
Phillip Bonner. African urbanisation on the Rand between the 1930s and 1960s: its social character and political consequences. Journal of southern African studies. 1995;21(1):115-129. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2637334
259.
Waldmeir P. Anatomy of a Miracle: The End of Apartheid and the Birth of the New South Africa. Rutgers University Press; 1998.
260.
Posel D. The Making of Apartheid, 1948-1961: Conflict and Compromise. Vol Oxford studies in African affairs. [New ed.]. Clarendon; 1997.
261.
Alegi P, Bolsmann C. South Africa and the Global Game: Football, Apartheid and Beyond. Routledge; 2010.
262.
Alden C. Apartheid’s Last Stand: The Rise and Fall of the South African Security State. Macmillan; 1996.
263.
Ellis S, Sechaba T. Comrades against Apartheid: The ANC & the South African Communist Party in Exile. James Currey; 1992.
264.
Cobbing J. The Mfecane as alibi: thoughts on Dithakong and Mbolompo. Journal of African history. 1988;29(3):487-519. http://www.jstor.org/stable/182353
265.
Gourevitch P. We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda. Picador; 1999.
266.
Prunier G. The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. [Rev. ed.]. Hurst; 1998.
267.
Hatzfeld J. A Time for Machetes: The Rwandan Genocide - the Killers Speak. Serpent’s Tail; 2008.
268.
Mamdani M. When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. James Currey; 2001. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=611221&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
269.
Richard Dowden. Comment: The Rwandan Genocide: How the Press Missed the Story. A Memoir. African Affairs. 2004;103(411):283-290. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.brunel.ac.uk/stable/3518613?Search=yes&amp;resultItemClick=true&amp;searchText=rwanda&amp;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Famp%3D%26filter%3Djid%253A10.2307%252Fj100046%26Query%3Drwanda&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
270.
Pottier J. Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century. Vol African studies series. Cambridge University Press; 2002. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=41977&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
271.
African Rights (Organization). Rwanda: Death, Despair, and Defiance. Rev. ed. African Rights; 1995.
272.
Uvin P. Ethnicity and power in Burundi and Rwanda: different paths to mass violence. Comparative Politics. 1999;31(3):253-271. http://www.jstor.org/stable/422339?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
273.
Newbury D. Understanding genocide. African Studies Review. 1998;41(1):73-97. http://www.jstor.org/stable/524682?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
274.
Dallaire R, Beardsley B. Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda. Arrow; 2004.
275.
Reyntjens F. Rwanda, ten years on: from genocide to dictatorship. African Affairs. 2004;103(411):177-210. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518608?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
276.
Melvern L, Williams P. Britannia waived the rules: the major government and the 1994 Rwandan genocide. African Affairs. 2004;103(410):1-22. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518418?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
277.
Lemarchand R. Managing transition anarchies: Rwanda, Burundi, and South Africa in comparative perspective. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1994;32(4):581-604. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161565?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
278.
Hintjens HM. Explaining the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1999;37(2):241-286. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161847?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
279.
Schimmel N. An invisible genocide: how the Western media failed to report the 1994 Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi and why. The International Journal of Human Rights. 2011;15(7):1125-1135. doi:10.1080/13642987.2010.499728
280.
Melvern L. Missing the story: The media and the Rwandan genocide. Contemporary Security Policy. 2001;22(3):91-106. doi:10.1080/135232605123313911248
281.
Clarke JN. British Media and the Rwandan Genocide. Routledge; 2018. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=5207183
282.
Wallis A. Silent Accomplice: The Untold Story of France’s Role in the Rwandan Genocide. I. B. Tauris; 2006.
283.
Africa’s illiberal state-builders — Refugee Studies Centre. http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/africas-illiberal-state-builders
284.
Abbink J. Discomfiture of democracy? The 2005 election crisis in Ethiopia and its aftermath. African Affairs. 2005;105(419):173-199. doi:10.1093/afraf/adi122
285.
Lindemann S. Just another change of guard? Broad-based politics and civil war in Museveni’s Uganda. African Affairs. 2011;110(440):387-416. doi:10.1093/afraf/adr023
286.
Aalen L, Tronvoll K. The end of democracy? Curtailing political and civil rights in Ethiopia. Review of African Political Economy. 2009;36(120):193-207. doi:10.1080/03056240903065067
287.
Moyo D. Dead Aid: Why Aid Makes Things Worse and How There Is Another Way for Africa. Penguin; 2010.
288.
Seymour LJM. Sovereignty, territory and authority: boundary maintenance in contemporary Africa. Critical African Studies. 2013;5(1):17-31. doi:10.1080/21681392.2013.774791
289.
Julius O. Ihonvbere. Are Things Falling Apart? the Military and the Crisis of Democratisation in Nigeria. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1996;34(2):193-225. http://www.jstor.org/stable/162029?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
290.
Célestin Monga. Civil Society and Democratisation in Francophone Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1995;33(3):359-379. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161481?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
291.
Samuel M. Makinda. Democracy and Multi-Party Politics in Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1996;34(4):555-573. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161588?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
292.
Amii Omara-Otunnu. The Struggle for Democracy in Uganda. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1992;30(3):443-463. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161167?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
293.
African identities. 12. http://cm7ly9cu9w.search.serialssolutions.com/?V=1.0&amp;N=100&amp;L=CM7LY9CU9W&amp;S=A_T_B&amp;C=African+identities+
294.
Cross H. Divisive democracy and popular struggle in Africa. Review of African Political Economy. 2015;42(143):1-6. doi:10.1080/03056244.2015.1015251
295.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
296.
Iliffe J. Africans: The History of a Continent. Vol African studies. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2008.
297.
Clapham CS. Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival. Vol Cambridge studies in international relations. Cambridge University Press; 1996.
298.
Bayart JF, Ellis S, Hibou B, International African Institute. The Criminalization of the State in Africa. Vol African issues. International African Institute in association with J. Currey, Oxford; 1999.
299.
Reno W. Warlord Politics and African States. Pbk. ed. Lynne Rienner Publishers; 1999.
300.
Filip Reyntjens. Rwanda, Ten Years on: From Genocide to Dictatorship. African Affairs. 2004;103(411):177-210. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518608?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
301.
David N. Plank. Aid, Debt, and the End of Sovereignty: Mozambique and Its Donors. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1993;31(3):407-430. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161203?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
302.
Chabal P, Daloz JP. Africa works: disorder as political instrument. In: Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. Vol African issues. International African Institute in association with James Currey, Oxford; 1999. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5c07b4f1-3392-e711-80cb-005056af4099
303.
Albaugh EA. An autocrat’s toolkit: adaptation and manipulation in ‘democratic’ Cameroon. Democratization. 2011;18(2):388-414. doi:10.1080/13510347.2011.553361
304.
Mercer C. Performing partnership: civil society and the illusions of good governance in Tanzania. Political Geography. 2003;22(7):741-763. doi:10.1016/S0962-6298(03)00103-3
305.
Stephen Brown. Authoritarian Leaders and Multiparty Elections in Africa: How Foreign Donors Help to Keep Kenya’s Daniel Arap Moi in Power. Third World Quarterly. 2001;22(5):725-739. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3993672?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
306.
Lynch G, Crawford G. Democratization in Africa 1990–2010: an assessment. Democratization. 2011;18(2):275-310. doi:10.1080/13510347.2011.554175
307.
Fatton R. Africa in the Age of Democratization: The Civic Limitations of Civil Society. African Studies Review. 1995;38(2). doi:10.2307/525318
308.
Hearn J. African NGOs: The New Compradors? Development and Change. 2007;38(6):1095-1110. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00447.x
309.
Reid RJ. A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. Vol Concise history of the modern world. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=333782&entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity
310.
Cheeseman N, Lynch G, Willis J. Democracy and its discontents: understanding Kenya’s 2013 elections. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2014;8(1):2-24. doi:10.1080/17531055.2013.874105
311.
Bayart JF, Ellis S, Hibou B, International African Institute. The Criminalization of the State in Africa. Vol African issues. International African Institute in association with J. Currey, Oxford; 1999.
312.
Iliffe J. Africans: The History of a Continent. Vol African studies. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2008.
313.
Young C. The end of the Post-Colonial state in Africa? Reflections on changing African political dynamics. African Affairs. 2004;103(410):23-49. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518419?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
314.
de Waal A. Who are the Darfurians? Arab and African identities, violence and external engagement. African Affairs. 2005;104(415):181-205. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518441?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
315.
REID R. Horror, hubris and humanity: the international engagement with Africa, 1914-2014. International Affairs. 2014;90(1):143-166. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12100
316.
Nugent P. Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. Palgrave Macmillan; 2004.
317.
Volman D. Africa and the New World Order. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1993;31(1):1-30. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161341?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
318.
Riddell JB. Things fall apart again: structural adjustment programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 1992;30(1):53-68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161046?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents