Bibliography for CO2030 - Global Communication BETA

Abrahamian, E. ‘The US Media, Huntington and September 11th’. Third World Quarterly 24.3 (2013): n. pag. Web. <http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/pnorris/Acrobat/Abrahamian_Clash.pdf>.

Al Shami, Leila. ‘SYRIA: The Life and Work of Anarchist Omar Aziz, and His Impact on Self-Organization in the Syrian Revolution | Tahrir-ICN’. Tahrir-ICN (2016): n. pag. Web. <https://tahriricn.wordpress.com/2013/08/23/syria-the-life-and-work-of-anarchist-omar-aziz-and-his-impact-on-self-organization-in-the-syrian-revolution/>.

‘Anarchism Interview, Noam Chomsky Interviewed by Ziga Vodovnik’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://chomsky.info/20040714/>.

‘Anders Behring Breivik’s Complete Manifesto "2083 – A European Declaration of Independence” | Public Intelligence’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://publicintelligence.net/anders-behring-breiviks-complete-manifesto-2083-a-european-declaration-of-independence/>.

Ararvosis, John. ‘Obama Skin Tone Darker In Clinton Ad?’ The Huffington Post (2008): n. pag. Web. <https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/obama-skin-tone-darker-in_n_89829?ec_carp=2443603470973241043>.

Assaf, K. ‘Brand Fetishism’. Connecticut Law Review n. pag. Web. <http://uconn.lawreviewnetwork.com/files/documents/KatyaAssaf43Conn.L.Rev.83.pdf>.

Atton, Chris. ‘Far-Right Media on the Internet: Culture, Discourse and Power’. New Media & Society 8.4 (2006): 573–587. Web.

Babones, Salvatore. ‘What Is World-Systems Analysis? Distinguishing Theory from Perspective’. Thesis Eleven 127.1 (2015): 3–20. Web.

Back, Les, Michael Keith, and John Solomos. ‘Technology, Race and Neo‐fascism in a Digital Age: The New Modalities of Racist Culture’. Patterns of Prejudice 30.2 (1996): 3–27. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=449e8774-651d-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Balardini, Fabian. ‘The Self-Destructive Logic of Capitalism and the Occupy Movement’. Socialism and Democracy 26.2 (2012): 35–38. Web.

Bale, Tim et al. ‘If You Can’t Beat Them, Join Them? Explaining Social Democratic Responses to the Challenge from the Populist Radical Right in Western Europe’. Political Studies 58.3 (2010): 410–426. Web.

Bauman, Zygmunt et al. ‘After Snowden: Rethinking the Impact of Surveillance’. International Political Sociology 8.2 (2014): 121–144. Web.

Beder, Sharon. ‘Charging the Earth: The Promotion of Price-Based Measures for Pollution Control’. Ecological Economics 16.1 (1996): 51–63. Web.

---. Global Spin: The Corporate Assault on Environmentalism. Rev. ed. Totnes: Green, 2002. Print.

---. ‘Neoliberal Think Tanks and Free Market Environmentalism’. Environmental Politics 10.2 (2001): 128–133. Web.

---. ‘Public Participation or Public Relations?’ 1999. Web. <http://expertpc.org/gasifier/wollongong.pdf>.

---. Selling the Work Ethic: From Puritan Pulpit to Corporate PR. Australia: Scribe Publications, 2000. Print.

---. ‘The Corporate Assault on Democracy’. The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy 4.1 (2008): n. pag. Web. <http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/journal/vol4/vol4_no1_beder.htm>.

Beer, David. ‘The Social Power of Algorithms’. Information, Communication & Society 20.1 (2017): 1–13. Web.

Bennett, W. Lance. The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Print.

Bernays, Edward L. ‘Manipulating Public Opinion: The Why and The How’. American Journal of Sociology 33.6 (1928): 958–971. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2765989?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents>.

Bernays, Edward L., and Mark Crispin Miller. Propaganda. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Ig Pub, 2005. Print.

Berthon, Pierre R. et al. ‘Marketing Meets Web 2.0, Social Media, and Creative Consumers: Implications for International Marketing Strategy’. Business Horizons 55.3 (2012): 261–271. Web.

Billig, Michael. ‘Commodity Fetishism and Repression’. Theory & Psychology 9.3 (1999): 313–329. Web.

Boler, Megan et al. ‘Connective Labor and Social Media’. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 20.4 (2014): 438–460. Web.

Bolton, Kerry. ‘Charlie Hebdo: Where Neocons, Zionists, Masons and Communists Converge’. Foreign Policy Journal n. pag. Web. <https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/150127-Bolton-Charlie-Hebdo.pdf>.

Booker, Christopher. ‘Climate Change: This Is the Worst Scientific Scandal of Our Generation’. The Telegraph (28AD): n. pag. Web. <https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/christopherbooker/6679082/Climate-change-this-is-the-worst-scientific-scandal-of-our-generation.html>.

Botan, Carl H. Public Relations Theory II. N.p., 2006. Print.

Bottici, C., and B. Challand. ‘Rethinking Political Myth: The Clash of Civilisations as Self-Fulfilling Prophecy’. European Journal of Social Theory 9.3 (2006): n. pag. Web. <http://est.sagepub.com/content/9/3/315.short>.

Bray, Mark. Translating Anarchy: The Anarchism of Occupy Wall Street. Winchester, [England]: Zero Books, 2013. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=1463506>.

Buchanan, Carrie. ‘Revisiting the UNESCO Debate on a New World Information and Communication Order: Has the NWICO Been Achieved by Other Means?’ Telematics and Informatics 32.2 (2015): 391–399. Web.

Bulut, Ergin. ‘Social Media and the Nation State: Of Revolution and Collaboration’. Media, Culture & Society 38.4 (2016): 606–618. Web.

Cammaerts, B et al. ‘Journalistic Representations of Jeremy Corbyn in the British Press: From Watchdog to Attackdog’. 2016. Web. <https://www.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/research/pdf/JeremyCorbyn/Cobyn-Report-FINAL.pdf>.

Carey, Alex, Noam Chomsky, and Andrew Lohrey. Taking the Risk out of Democracy: Corporate Propaganda versus Freedom and Liberty. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois, 1997. Print.

---. ‘Taking the Risk out of Democracy: Corporate Propaganda versus Freedom and Liberty’. Taking the Risk out of Democracy: Corporate Propaganda versus Freedom and Liberty. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois, 1997. 18–36. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0102d797-ce2e-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Castells, Manuel. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Second edition. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2015. Web. <http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=796828&amp;entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity>.

---. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Second edition. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2015. Web. <http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=796828&amp;entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity>.

Chadwick, Andrew. ‘Corbyn, Labour, Digital Media, and the 2017 UK Election - Election Analysis’. 2017. Web. <http://www.electionanalysis.uk/uk-election-analysis-2017/section-5-the-digital-campaign/corbyn-labour-digital-media-and-the-2017-uk-election/>.

Cram, Laura et al. ‘UK General Election 2017: A Twitter Analysis’. 2017. Web. <https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1706/1706.02271.pdf>.

‘Cultures in Conflict? Who Are We? Who Are the Others?’ Journal of Interdisciplinary Crossroads 1.3 (2004): 505–521. Web. <http://www.iwallerstein.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/HKPAOJIC.PDF>.

Dahl, Stephan. Social Media Marketing: Theories & Applications. Second edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2018. Print.

David Art. Inside the Radical Right. Cambridge University Press, 5AD. Print.

Davis, Aeron. Political Communication and Social Theory. London: Routledge, 2010. Web. <http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=278148&amp;entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity>.

---. Political Communication and Social Theory. London: Routledge, 2010. Web. <http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=278148&amp;entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity>.

---. Public Relations Democracy: Public Relations, Politics and the Mass Media in Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2009. Print.

---. ‘Public Relations, News Production and Changing Patterns of Source Access in the British National Media’. Media, Culture & Society 22.1 (2000): 39–59. Web.

‘Defending Charlie Hebdo? Secularism, Islam and the War on Error’. The Postcolonialist (2015): n. pag. Web. <http://postcolonialist.com/civil-discourse/defending-charlie-secularism-islam-war-error/>.

DeLuca, Kevin M., Sean Lawson, and Ye Sun. ‘Occupy Wall Street on the Public Screens of Social Media: The Many Framings of the Birth of a Protest Movement’. Communication, Culture & Critique 5.4 (2012): 483–509. Web.

Dencik, Lina, and Peter Wilkin. Worker Resistance and Media: Challenging Global Corporate Power in the 21st Century. Vol. 18. New York: Peter Lang, 2015. Print.

Derber, Charles, and Yale R. Magrass. Capitalism: Should You Buy It? : An Invitation to Political Economy. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2014. Print.

---. ‘Capitalism: Should You Buy It? : An Invitation to Political Economy’. Capitalism: Should You Buy It? : An Invitation to Political Economy. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2014. 185–199. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=22c7ac24-cf2e-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Dijck, Josâe van. The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. Print.

Duhâe, Sandra C., ed. New Media and Public Relations. Third edition. New York: Peter Lang, 2017. Print.

Eagleton, Terry. ‘Ideology: An Introduction’. Ideology: An Introduction. London: Verso, 2007. 1–31. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=19008f34-e12e-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. Ideology: An Introduction. London: Verso, 2007. Print.

el-Ojeili, Chamsy. ‘Reflections on Wallerstein: The Modern World-System, Four Decades On’. Critical Sociology 41.4–5 (2015): 679–700. Web.

---. ‘Reflections on Wallerstein: The Modern World-System, Four Decades On’. Critical Sociology 41.4–5 (2015): 679–700. Web.

Elliot Murphy. ‘Socialism and IT: Can Technology Liberate Us From Capitalism?’ Counter Punch n. pag. Web. <https://www.counterpunch.org/2015/10/01/socialism-and-it-can-technology-liberate-us-from-capitalism/>.

Engelhardt, Tom, Glenn Greenwald, and Eric Ruder. Shadow Government: Surveillance, Secret Wars, and a Global Security State in a Single Superpower World. Chicago, Illinois: Haymarket Books, 2014. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=1649310>.

Enzinna, Wes. ‘A Dream of Secular Utopia in ISIS’ Backyard’. The New York Times n. pag. Web. <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/29/magazine/a-dream-of-utopia-in-hell.html?_r=0#>.

Ewen, Stuart. Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of the Consumer Culture. 25th anniversary ed. New York: Basic Books, 2001. Print.

---. PR!: A Social History of Spin. New York: Basic Books, 1996. Print.

Ferrara, Emilio et al. ‘The Rise of Social Bots’. Communications of the ACM 59.7 (2016): 96–104. Web. <https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2016/7/204021-the-rise-of-social-bots/fulltext>.

Fisher, Mark. Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative? Winchester: O Books, 2009. Print.

Fuchs, Christian. OccupyMedia!: The Occupy Movement and Social Media in Crisis Capitalism. Winchester, UK: Zero Books, 2014. Print.

---. ‘Red Scare 2.0: User-Generated Ideology in the Age of Jeremy Corbyn and Social Media’. Journal of  Language and Politics 15.4 (2016): 369–398. Web. <https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/download/f0619bf40a33a7379c99126fa701d4f9ac2d36fcbfe696c396d9308838499e8a/1351118/corbyn.pdf>.

---. Social Media: A Critical Introduction. 2nd edition. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2017. Print.

---. Social Media: A Critical Introduction. 2nd edition. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2017. Print.

---. ‘View of Henryk Grossmann 2.0: A Critique of Paul Mason’s Book "PostCapitalism: A Guide to Our Future”’. Web. <https://triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/757/841>.

Fuchs, Christian, and Vincent Mosco, eds. Marx in the Age of Digital Capitalism. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books, 2017. Print.

García, César. ‘Rethinking Walter Lippmann’s Legacy in the History of Public Relations’. PRism 7.1 (2010): n. pag. Web. <http://www.prismjournal.org/fileadmin/Praxis/Files/Journal_Files/2010_general/Garcia.pdf>.

Geertsema, Margaretha. ‘Women And News’. Feminist Media Studies 9.2 (2009): 149–172. Web.

Gehl, Robert W. ‘The Case for Alternative Social Media’. Social Media + Society 1.2 (2015): n. pag. Web.

Gerbaudo, Paolo. ‘Social Media and Populism: An Elective Affinity?’ Media, Culture & Society 40.5 (2018): 745–753. Web.

Gibson, Morgan Rodgers. ‘The Anarchism of the Occupy Movement’. Australian Journal of Political Science 48.3 (2013): 335–348. Web.

Gitlin, Todd. ‘Occupy’s Predicament: The Moment and the Prospects for the Movement’. The British Journal of Sociology 64.1 (2013): 3–25. Web.

Glenn Greenwald. ‘Boundless Informant: The NSA’s Secret Tool to Track Global Surveillance Data’. Guardian (2013): n. pag. Web. <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/08/nsa-boundless-informant-global-datamining>.

Gordon, Averill. Public Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print.

Graeber, David. ‘Occupy Wall Street’s Anarchist Roots’. N.p., 2011. Web. <https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112872835904508.html>.

---. ‘Why Is the World Ignoring the Revolutionary Kurds in Syria? |’. Guardian (2014): n. pag. Web. <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/oct/08/why-world-ignoring-revolutionary-kurds-syria-isis>.

Greenberg, Josh, Graham Knight, and Elizabeth Westersund. ‘Spinning Climate Change: Corporate and NGO Public Relations Strategies in Canada and the United States’. International Communication Gazette 73.1–2 (2011): 65–82. Web.

Greenwald, Glenn. No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA and the Surveillance State. UK: Penguin Books, 2015. Print.

Griffin, Roger. ‘Interregnum or Endgame? The Radical Right in the “Post-Fascist” Era’. Journal of Political Ideologies 5.2 (2000): 163–178. Web.

Gunaratne, S. ‘An Evolving Triadic World: A Theoretical Framework for Communication Research’. Journal of World Systems Research (2002): n. pag. Web. <http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/tissa/files/2010/02/An_Evolving_Triadic_World.pdf>.

Gunaratne, Shelton A. ‘De-Westernizing Communication/Social Science Research: Opportunities and Limitations’. Media, Culture & Society 32.3 (2010): 473–500. Web.

---. ‘Freedom of the Press: A World System Perspective’. Gazette: the international journal for communication studies 64.4 (2002): 343–369. Web. <http://gaz.sagepub.com/content/64/4/343.abstract>.

Halligan, Liam. ‘Postcapitalism by Paul Mason, Review: “Deeply Misguided”’. The Telegraph (2015): n. pag. Web. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/11773235/Postcapitalism-by-Paul-Mason-review.html>.

Hanson, Fergus. Internet Wars: The Struggle for Power in the Twenty-First Century. Haberfield, NSW, Australia: Longueville Media, 2015. Print.

Harrison, Shirley. ‘Public Relations: An Introduction’. Public Relations: An Introduction. 2nd ed. London: Business, 2000. 1–15. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=3c5d562b-ce2e-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. Public Relations: An Introduction. 2nd ed. London: Business, 2000. Print.

Hashem, Ali. ‘The Islamic State’s Social Media Strategy’. Almonitor: Pulse of the Middle East n. pag. Web. <http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/is-clinton-atrocities-social-media-baghdadi-mccain.html>.

Hawkes, David and ProQuest (Firm). Ideology. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2003. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=182430>.

Held, David, and Anthony G. McGrew. ‘The Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate’. The Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate. 2nd ed. Oxford: Polity Press, 2003. 92–97. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=af7497ec-cf2e-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. ‘The Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate’. The Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate. 2nd ed. Oxford: Polity Press, 2003. 116–119. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=f5ff2a81-cf2e-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. The Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate. 2nd ed. Oxford: Polity Press, 2003. Print.

Higley, John. ‘Democratic Elitism Reappraised’. Comparative Sociology 8.3 323–344. Web. <https://brill.com/view/journals/coso/8/3/article-p323_1.xml>.

---. ‘Elite Theory in Political Sociology’. Web. <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.462.5495&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf>.

Hind, Dan. The Return of the Public. London: Verso, 2010. Print.

Hjorth, Larissa, and Sam Hinton. Understanding Social Media. Second edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2019. Print.

Holton, R. J. ‘Economy and Society’. Economy and Society. London: Routledge, 1992. 104–145. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=783bbe9c-d02e-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. Economy and Society. London: Routledge, 1992. Print.

Hopkins, Terence K., and Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein. World Systems Analysis: Theory and Methodology. Vol. 1. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1982. Print.

Hopmann, David Nicolas et al. ‘Effects of Election News Coverage: How Visibility and Tone Influence Party Choice’. Political Communication 27.4 (2010): 389–405. Web.

‘How Is Capitalism Going to End? An Interview with Journalist Paul Mason - VICE’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/5gjyzk/paul-mason-interview-postcapitalism-845>.

Hugill, Peter J. and Center for American Places. Global Communications since 1844: Geopolitics and Technology. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. Print.

Huntington, S. ‘The Clash of Civilisations and the Remaking of World Order’. n. pag. Web. <http://www.stetson.edu/artsci/political-science/media/clash.pdf>.

Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. London: Free Press, 2002. Print.

Iszatt‑White, Marian et al. ‘The “Corbyn Phenomenon”: Media Representations of Authentic Leadership and the Discourse of Ethics Versus Effectiveness’. Journal of Business Ethics (2018): n. pag. Web. <http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/35345/1/Iszatt-White2018_Article_TheCorbynPhenomenonMediaRepres.pdf>.

Jackall, Robert. Propaganda. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995. Print.

---. Propaganda. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995. Print.

---. Propaganda. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995. Print.

---. Propaganda. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995. Print.

Jennifer Ellen Good. ‘The Framing of Climate Change in Canadian, American and International Newspapers: A Media Propaganda Model Analysis’. Canadian Journal of Communication 33.2 (2008): n. pag. Web. <https://www.cjc-online.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/2017/3107>.

John Dryzek. The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society (Oxford Handbooks in Politics & International Relations). Oxford University Press, Usa; Reprint edition, 15AD. Print.

Jones, Nicholas. Soundbites and Spin Doctors: How Politicians Manipulate the Media - and Vice Versa. London: Indigo, 1996. Print.

‘Journal of World-Systems Research’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/index>.

Just, Natascha, and Michael Latzer. ‘Governance by Algorithms: Reality Construction by Algorithmic Selection on the Internet’. Media, Culture & Society 39.2 (2017): 238–258. Web.

Kelly, Annie. ‘The Alt-Right: Reactionary Rehabilitation for White Masculinity | Eurozine’. Soundings 66 (2017): n. pag. Web. <https://www.eurozine.com/the-alt-right-reactionary-rehabilitation-for-white-masculinity/>.

Kent, Michael L., and Maureen Taylor. ‘Toward a Dialogic Theory of Public Relations’. Public Relations Review 28.1 (2002): 21–37. Web.

Kernan, Mark. ‘The Dystopian Future of Facebook’. Counter Punch (2008): n. pag. Web. <https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/11/08/the-dystopian-future-of-facebook/>.

Kilikauer, Thomas. ‘The Populism of Germany’s New Nazis’. N.p., 2017. Web. <https://www.counterpunch.org/2017/11/17/the-populism-of-germanys-new-nazis/>.

Kinna, Ruth. Anarchism: A Beginner’s Guide. Rev. trade pbk. ed. Oxford: Oneworld, 2009. Print.

Krogerus, M. ‘The Data That Turned the World Upside Down’. N.p., 2017. Web. <https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/mg9vvn/how-our-likes-helped-trump-win>.

Leiserowitz, Anthony. ‘Human Development Report 2007/2008 International Public Opinion, Perception, and Understanding of Global Climate Change’. 2007. Web. <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6248846.pdf>.

Lippmann, Walter. Public Opinion. [Lanham, Maryland]: Start Publishing LLC, 2015. Web. <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,shib&amp;custid=s1123049&amp;direct=true&amp;db=nlebk&amp;db=nlabk&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site&amp;AN=1070038>.

---. Public Opinion. [Lanham, Maryland]: Start Publishing LLC, 2015. Web. <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,shib&amp;custid=s1123049&amp;direct=true&amp;db=nlebk&amp;db=nlabk&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site&amp;AN=1070038>.

Louw, P. Eric. ‘The Media and Political Process’. The Media and Political Process. 2nd ed. London: SAGE, 2010. 75–108. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=738456ba-cd2e-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Love, Nancy S. ‘Back to the Future: Trendy Fascism, the Trump Effect, and the Alt-Right’. New Political Science 39.2 (2017): 263–268. Web.

Lubin, Judy. ‘The “Occupy” Movement: Emerging Protest Forms and Contested Urban Spaces’. Berkeley planning journal 25.1 (2012): 184–197. Web. <https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rb320n3>.

Lukacs, Georg. ‘Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/hcc05.htm>.

Mackay, Jenn Burleson, and Michael A. Horning. ‘Responding to Charlie Hebdo: Exploring Political Cartoonists’ Reactions and Ethics Positions Following the Attacks’. Journalism Practice 11.9 (2017): 1121–1136. Web.

Main, Thomas J. The Rise of the Alt-Right. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2018. Print.

‘Majority of Campaign Commercials Are Attack Ads – CNN Political Ticker - CNN.Com Blogs’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/08/27/majority-of-campaign-commercials-are-attack-ads/>.

Mann, Thomas E., and E.J. Dionne. ‘Polling & Public Opinion: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly’. The Brookings Institution n. pag. Web. <https://www.brookings.edu/articles/polling-public-opinion-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/>.

Mark Andrejevic. ‘Big Data Surveillance: Introduction’. Surveillance & Society 12.2 (2014): 185–196. Web. <https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/bds_ed>.

Mason, Paul. ‘Airbnb and Uber’s Sharing Economy Is One Route to Dotcommunism’. Guardian (2015): n. pag. Web. <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/21/airbnb-uber-sharing-economy-dotcommunism-economy>.

---. PostCapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. UK: Penguin Books, 2016. Print.

---. Why It’s Still Kicking off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions. Rev. and updated 2nd ed. London: Verso, 2013. Print.

---. Why It’s Still Kicking off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions. Rev. and updated 2nd ed. London: Verso, 2013. Print.

Mastrini, Guillermo, and Diego de Charras. ‘“Twenty Years Mean Nothing”’. Global Media and Communication 1.3 (2005): 273–288. Web.

Micallef, Joseph V. ‘Islamic State: Terror as a Media Strategy’. The Huffington Post (2015): n. pag. Web. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joseph-v-micallef/islamic-state-terror-as-a_b_6614460.html>.

Miller, David, and William Dinan. A Century of Spin: How Public Relations Became the Cutting Edge of Corporate Power. London: Pluto Press, 2008. Web. <http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=118862&amp;entityid=https://idp.brunel.ac.uk/entity>.

Mishra, Pankaj. ‘After the Paris Attacks: It’s Time for a New Enlightenment’. The Guardian (2015): n. pag. Web. <https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/jan/20/-sp-after-paris-its-time-for-new-enlightenment>.

Mosco, Vincent, and Vincent Mosco. The Political Economy of Communication. 2nd ed. Los Angeles, [Calif.]: SAGE, 2009. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brunelu/detail.action?docID=743695>.

Mudde, Cas. ‘The Populist Radical Right: A Pathological Normalcy’. West European Politics 33.6 (2010): 1167–1186. Web.

---. ‘The Populist Radical Right: A Pathological Normalcy’. West European Politics 33.6 (2010): 1167–1186. Web.

---. ‘The Populist Radical Right: A Pathological Normalcy’. West European Politics 33.6 (2010): 1167–1186. Web.

Needham, Catherine. ‘Brand Leaders: Clinton, Blair and the Limitations of the Permanent Campaign’. Political Studies 53.2 (2005): 343–361. Web.

---. ‘Brands and Political Loyalty’. Journal of Brand Management 13.3 (2006): 178–187. Web.

Negrine, Ralph M. The Professionalisation of Political Communication. v. 3. Bristol: Intellect, 2007. Print.

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