1
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
2
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
3
Easton SM. Prisoners’ rights: principles and practice. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2011.
4
Jewkes Y, Crewe B, Bennett J, editors. Handbook on prisons. Second edition. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2016.
5
Ugelvik T, Evans SG. Power and resistance in prison: doing time, doing freedom. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2014.
6
Ashworth A. Prisons, Proportionality and Recent Penal History. The Modern Law Review. 2017;80:473–88. doi: 10.1111/1468-2230.12266
7
Boin A, Rattray WAR. Understanding Prison Riots: Towards a Threshold Theory. Punishment & Society. 2004;6:47–65. doi: 10.1177/1462474504039091
8
The Bradley Report - Lord Bradley’s Review of people with mental health problems or learning disabilities in the criminal justice system. 2009.
9
Brayford J, Cowe F, Deering J. Sex offenders: punish, help, change or control? : theory, policy and practice explored. London: Routledge 2012.
10
Brown J, Miller S, Northey S, et al. What works in therapeutic prisons: evaluating psychological change in Dovegate Therapeutic Community. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2014.
11
Managing Offenders, Reducing Crime: The Role of the Voluntary and Community Sector in the National Offender Management Service.
12
Carter P. Securing the future: proposals for the efficient and sustainable use of custody. 2007.
13
Casey S, Day A, Vess J, et al. Foundations of offender rehabilitation. Abingdon: Routledge 2013.
14
Cavadino M, Dignan J, Mair G. The penal system: an introduction. 5th ed. London: SAGE 2013.
15
Coates S. Unlocking potential: A review of education in prison. 2016.
16
Commission on English Prisons Today. Do Better Do Less: The Report of the Commission on English Prisons Today.
17
Crewe B. Depth, weight, tightness: Revisiting the pains of imprisonment. Punishment & Society. 2011;13:509–29. doi: 10.1177/1462474511422172
18
Cox A. Doing the programme or doing me? The pains of youth imprisonment. Punishment & Society. 2011;13:592–610. doi: 10.1177/1462474511422173
19
Daems T, Snacken S, Van Zyl Smit D. European penology? Oxford: Hart Publishing 2013.
20
Dockley A, Loader I, Howard League for Penal Reform. The penal landscape: the Howard League guide to criminal justice in England and Wales. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2013.
21
Drake DH. Prisons, punishment and the pursuit of security. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2014.
22
Earle R. Convict criminology: inside and out. Bristol, England: Policy Press 2016.
23
Easton S. Electing the Electorate: The Problem of Prisoner Disenfranchisement. Modern Law Review. 2006;69:443–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2006.00591.x
24
Easton S. The prisoner ’s right to vote and civic responsibility: Reaffirming the social contract? Probation Journal. 2009;56:224–37. doi: 10.1177/0264550509337455
25
Easton SM. Prisoners’ rights: principles and practice. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2011.
26
Easton S. Protecting prisoners: the impact of International Human Rights Law on the treatment of prisoners in the United Kingdom. The Prison Journal. 2013;93:475–92. doi: 10.1177/0032885513501025
27
Easton SM. The politics of the prison and the prisoner: zoon politikon. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2018.
28
Faulkner D, Burnett R. Where next for criminal justice? Bristol: Policy 2012.
29
Gove M. The treasure in the heart of man - making prisons work [speach]. 2015. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/the-treasure-in-the-heart-of-man-making-prisons-work
30
Graham H. Rehabilitation work: supporting desistance and recovery. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2018.
31
GHK Consulting., Hawley J, Murphy I, et al. Prison education and training in Europe: current state-of-play and challenges. 2013.
32
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales. HMI Prisons Annual Report 2017-18. 2018.
33
HM Inspectorate of Prisons, HM Inspectorate of Probation, Ofsted. Resettlement Provision for Adult Offenders: accommodation and education, training and employment. 2014.
34
HM Inspectorate of Prisons. Life in prison: Living conditions. A findings paper by HM Inspectorate of Prisons. October 2017 - Findings-paper-Living-conditions-FINAL-.pdf. 2017.
35
A joint inspection by HM Inspectorate of Probation and HM Inspectorate of Prisons. An Inspection of Through the Gate Resettlement Services for Prisoners Serving 12 Months or More.
36
House of Commons Justice Committee. Prison Safety, Sixth Report of Session 2015-16. 2016.
37
House of Commons Justice Committee. Prison reform: governor empowerment and prison performance: Twelfth Report of Session 2016–17 Report, together with formal minutes relating to the report. 2017.
38
Halliday J, Great Britain. Making punishments work: report of a review of the sentencing framework for England and Wales. 2001.
39
HM Inspectorate of Prisons. Remand prisoners: a thematic review. 2012.
40
Prison performance ratings 2017 to 2018. 2018.
41
Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service Annual Report and Accounts 2017-18.
42
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales (2017) Annual Report 2016-17.
43
Hockey D. Analytical Reflections on Time in Custody. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 2012;51:67–78. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2311.2011.00684.x
44
Hucklesby A, Hagley-Dickinson L. Prisoner resettlement: policy and practice. Cullompton: Willan 2007.
45
Jacobson J, Hough M. Unjust Deserts: Imprisonment for Public Protection. 2010.
46
World Prison Brief. http://www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief
47
Ievins A, Crewe B. ‘Nobody’s better than you, nobody’s worse than you’: moral community among prisoners convicted of sexual offences. Punishment & society. 2015;17:482–501. doi: 10.1177/1462474515603803
48
Jewkes Y, Johnston H. Prison readings: a critical introduction to prisons and imprisonment. Cullompton: Willan 2006.
49
King RD, Resodihardjo SL. To max or not to max: Dealing with high risk prisoners in the Netherlands and England and Wales. Punishment & Society. 2010;12:65–84. doi: 10.1177/1462474509349010
50
Lacey N. The prisoners’ dilemma: political economy and punishment in contemporary democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2008.
51
Lazarus L. Contrasting prisoners’ rights: a comparative examination of Germany and England. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2004.
52
Liebling A, Arnold H. Prisons and their moral performance: a study of values, quality, and prison life. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2005.
53
Liebling A, Maruna S. The effects of imprisonment. Cullompton, Devon: Willan Publishing 2005.
54
Livingstone S. Prisoners’ Rights in the Context of the European Convention on Human Rights. Punishment & Society. 2000;2:309–24. doi: 10.1177/14624740022228024
55
Breaking the cycle: effective punishment, rehabilitation and sentencing of offenders. 2010.
56
Ministry of Justice. Breaking the cycle: Government response. 2011.
57
Swift and sure justice: the Government’s plans for reform of the criminal justice system. 2012.
58
Story of the prison population 1993-2012 England and wales. 2013.
59
Transforming Legal Aid: Delivering a more credible and efficient system.
60
Prison Safety and Reform - CM-9350. 2016.
61
Costs per place and costs per prisoner by individual prison, HM Prison and Probation Service Annual Report and Account 2016-17 Management Information Addendum. 2017.
62
Offender Management Statistics Quarterly England and Wales, Quarterly January to March 2018, Prison Population 30 June 2018. 2018.
63
National Preventive Mechanism (2018) Monitoring Places of Detention: Eighth Annual Report of the United Kingdom’s National Preventive Mechanism. 2018.
64
O’Donnell I. Prisoners, solitude, and time. First Edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2014.
65
Silke A, editor. Prisons, terrorism and extremism: critical issues in management, radicalisation and reform. Prisons, terrorism and extremism: critical issues in management, radicalisation and reform. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2014:160–8.
66
Christine Piper. ‘What’s Sentencing Got to Do With it?’ Understanding the Prison Crisis. Contemporary Issues in Law. ;8:356–76.
67
Rickford D, Edgar K. Troubled inside: responding to the mental health needs of men in Prison. 2005.
68
Prison Reform Trust. Inside out: release on temporary licence and its role in promoting effective resettlement and rehabilitation. 2015.
69
Prison Population Projections 2018-2023. 2018.
70
Prisons and Probation Ombudsman annual report 2016 to 2017. 2017.
71
Shalev S, Edgar K. Deep custody: Segregation Units and Close Supervision Centres in England and Wales.
72
Schinkel M. Being imprisoned: punishment, adaptation and desistance. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2014.
73
Silke A, editor. Prisons, terrorism and extremism: critical issues in management, radicalisation and reform. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2014.
74
Stevens A. Offender rehabilitation and therapeutic communities: enabling change the TC way. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2014.
75
Tomczak P. The penal voluntary sector. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2018.
76
Ugelvik T, Evans SG. Power and resistance in prison: doing time, doing freedom. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2014.
77
Van Zyl Smit D, Snacken S. Principles of European prison law and policy: penology and human rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009.
78
Wacquant L. ‘The Prison is an Outlaw Institution’. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 2012;51:1–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2311.2011.00686.x
79
Woolf LJ, Tumim J. Prison disturbances April 1990 : report of an inquiry presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for the Home Department by command of Her Majest February 1991. 1991.
80
Lord Woolf. Strangeways 25 years on: achieving fairness and justice in prison. 2015.
81
Criminal Justice Act 2003. London .
82
Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012.
83
Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013. Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament .
84
Offender Rehabilitation Act 2014. Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament .
85
Prison Act 1952. Statute Law Database .
86
The Prison Rules 1999. Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament .
87
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
88
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
89
Punishment and society.
90
Dorfman A, Harel A. Against Privatisation As Such. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 2016;36:400–27. doi: 10.1093/ojls/gqv029
91
Player E, Genders E. The commercial context of criminal justice: prison privatisation and the perversion of purpose. Criminal Law Review. 2007;513–29.
92
Harding R. State monopoly of ‘permitted violation of human rights’: The decision of the Supreme Court of Israel prohibiting the private operation and management of prisons. Punishment & Society. 2012;14:131–46. doi: 10.1177/1462474511434429
93
James AL. Privatizing prisons: rhetoric and reality. London: SAGE 1997.
94
Bottomley AK, James A, Clare E, et al. Monitoring and evaluation of Wolds Remand Prison: and comparisons with public-sector prisons, in particular HMP Woodhill. 1997.
95
Dockley A, Loader I, Howard League for Penal Reform. The penal landscape: the Howard League guide to criminal justice in England and Wales. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2013.
96
Liebling A, Crewe B, Hulley S. Values and practices in public and private sector prisons: an evaluation. Prison Services Journal. ;55–8.
97
Ludlow A. Privatising public prisons: labour law and the public procurement process. Oxford: Hart Publishing 2015.
98
Breaking the cycle: effective punishment, rehabilitation and sentencing of offenders. 2010.
99
Breaking the cycle: Government response. 2011.
100
Tomczak P. The penal voluntary sector. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2018.
101
Walker D, Tizard J. Out of Contract: Time to move on from the ‘love in’ with outsourcing and PFI. 2018.
102
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
103
Easton SM. Prisoners’ rights: principles and practice. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2011.
104
NOMS: Offender Equalities Annual Report 2016/17. 2017.
105
Aiello BL, McCorkel JA. "‘It will crush you like a bug’: Maternal incarceration, secondary prisonization, and children’s visitation”. Punishment & Society. 2018;20:351–74. doi: 10.1177/1462474517697295
106
All Party Parliamentary Group on Women in the Penal System, Corston J. Women in the penal system: second report on women with particular vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system. 2011.
107
Ashworth A. Sentencing and criminal justice. 5th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010.
108
Commission on women offenders: final report 2012.
109
Barberet R. Women, crime and criminal justice: a global enquiry. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2014.
110
Carlton B. Penal reform, anti-carceral feminist campaigns and the politics of change in women’s prisons, Victoria, Australia. Punishment & Society. 2018;20:283–307. doi: 10.1177/1462474516680205
111
Chigwada-Bailey R. Black women’s experiences of criminal justice: race, gender and class : a discourse on disadvantage. 2nd ed. Winchester: Waterside Press 2003.
112
Codd H. In the shadow of prison: families, imprisonment and criminal justice. Cullompton: Willan Publishing 2008.
113
Corston J. The Corston Report: a review of women with particular vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system. 2007.
114
Crewe B, Hulley S, Wright S. The Gendered Pains of Life Imprisonment. British Journal of Criminology. Published Online First: 12 January 2017. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azw088
115
Pilgrim Trust, Prison Reform Trust. Brighter futures working together to reduce women’s offending. 2014.
116
Caddle D, Crisp D. Mothers in prison. 1997.
117
Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons. Expectations: criteria for assessing the treatment of and conditions for women in prison. 2014.
118
Hibiscus Initiatives annual report 2016-2017. 2018.
119
House of Commons Justice Committee. Women offenders: after the Corston Report. 2013.
120
Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Prisons. Women in prison: a thematic review. 1997.
121
Kruttschnitt C, Vuolo M. The cultural context of women prisoners’ mental health: a comparison of two prison systems. Punishment & society. ;9:115–50. doi: 10.1177/1462474507074746
122
Statistics on women and the Criminal Justice System 2011. 2012.
123
Grant H, Ministry of Justice. Strategic objectives for female offenders. 2012.
124
Moore L, Scraton P. The incarceration of women: punishing bodies, breaking spirits. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2014.
125
Moore L, Scraton P, Wahidin A, editors. Women’s imprisonment and the case for abolition: critical reflections on Corston ten years on. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2018.
126
National Offender Management Service Women and Equalities Group. A distinct approach: a guide to working with women offenders. 2012.
127
Player E. Remanding women in custody: concerns for human rights. Modern law review. ;70:402–26. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00644.x
128
Player E. The offender personality disorder pathway and its implications for women prisoners in England and Wales. Punishment & Society. Published Online First: 4 October 2016. doi: 10.1177/1462474516672883
129
Rickford D. Troubled Inside: Responding to the Mental Health Needs of Women in Prison. London: Prison Reform Trust 2003.
130
Rowe A. ‘Tactics’, Agency and Power in Women’s Prisons. British Journal of Criminology. 2016;56:332–49. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azv058
131
Sheehan R, McIvor G, Trotter C. What works with women offenders. Cullompton: Willan Publishing 2007.
132
Shepherd B. Reoffending and diversion from custody for women offenders. Probation journal. 2012;59:167–9. doi: 10.1177/026455051205900201
133
Paternal pains of imprisonment: incarcerated fathers, ethnic minority masculinity and resistance narratives’. Punishment and society. 2014;16:152–68. doi: 10.1177/1462474513517020
134
Umamaheswar J. Gendered representations of parents behind bars: an analysis of newspaper reports. Punishment & society. 2013;15:274–303. doi: 10.1177/1462474513489855
135
Cheliotis LK, Liebling A. Race Matters in British Prisons. The British Journal of Criminology. 2006;46:286–317. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azi058
136
A formal investigation by the CRE into HM Prison Services of England and Wales - part I the murder of Zahid Mubarek. 2003.
137
Parallel worlds: a thematic review of race relations in prisons. 2005.
138
The Honourable Mr Justice Keith. Report of the inquiry into the death of Zahid Mubarek HC1082. 2006.
139
HM Inspectorate of Prisons. Report of a review of the implementation of the Zahid Mubarek Inquiry recommendations. 2014.
140
HM Inspectorate of Prisons. People in prison: Gypsies, Romany and Travellers. 2014.
141
Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2016. 2017.
142
Race and Equalities Action Group. Promoting equality in prisons and probation: the National Offender Management Service Single Equality Scheme 2009 – 2012. 2009.
143
Phillips C, Webster C, editors. New directions in race, ethnicity and crime. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 2014.
144
Shepherd B. Improving outcomes for young black and/or Muslim men in the CJS. Probation Journal. 2015;62:181–3. doi: 10.1177/0264550515581958
145
NOMS: Offender Equalities Annual Report 2016/17. 2017.
146
The Lammy Review: An independent review into the treatment of, and outcomes for, Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic individuals in the Criminal Justice System. 2017.
147
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons. Muslim prisoners’ experiences: a thematic review. 2010.
148
Spalek B, El-Hassan S. Muslim converts in prison. The Howard journal of criminal justice. ;46:99–114. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2311.2007.00459.x
149
Jones CR. Are prisons really schools for terrorism? Challenging the rhetoric on prison radicalization. Punishment & society. 2014;16:74–103. doi: 10.1177/1462474513506482
150
Summary of the main findings of the review of Islamist extremism in prisons, probation and youth justice. 2016.
151
Government response to the review of Islamist extremism in prisons, probation and youth justice. 2016.
152
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons. No problems: old and quiet: older prisoners in England and Wales. 2004.
153
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons. Older prisoners: a follow up the 2004 thematic review. 2008.
154
Wahidin A. Older women in the criminal justice system: running out of time. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2004.
155
Cooney F, Braggins J. Doing Time: Good practice with older people in prison - the views of prison staff. 2010.
156
House of Commons Justice Committee. Older prisoners: Fifth Report of Session 2013-14. 2013.
157
Clough B, Herring J, editors. Ageing, gender and family law. Ageing, gender and family law. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2018:142–58.
158
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
159
Lord Bradley’s Review of people with mental health problems or learning disabilities in the criminal justice system. 2009.
160
Criminal Justice Joint Inspection (2014) Joint Inspection of the treatment of offenders with learning disabilities within the Criminal Justice System - Phase 1 from Arrest to Sentence. 2014.
161
A joint inspection of the treatment of offenders with learning disabilities within the criminal justice system - phase two in custody and the community - Learning-Disabilities-phase-two-report.pdf. 2015.
162
Loucks N. No one knows: the prevalence and associated needs of offenders with learning difficulties. 2007.
163
Thomson K. Disability among prisoners. Probation journal. 2012;59:282–282. doi: 10.1177/0264550512457888d
164
Review into the care and management of transgender offenders - GOV.UK.
165
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
166
Behan C, O’Donnell I. Prisoners, Politics and the Polls: Enfranchisement and the Burden of Responsibility. British Journal of Criminology. 2007;48:319–36. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azn004
167
Codd, Helen. In the shadow of prison: families, imprisonment and criminal justice. Cullompton: Willan Publishing 2008.
168
Transforming Legal Aid: delivering a more credible and efficient system - Ministry of Justice - Citizen Space. https://consult.justice.gov.uk/digital-communications/transforming-legal-aid
169
Easton SM. Prisoners’ rights: principles and practice. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2011.
170
Susan Easton. Electing the electorate: the problem of prisoner disenfranchisement. Modern law review. 2006;69.
171
Easton S. Constructing citizenship: making room for prisoners’ rights. Journal of social welfare and family law. 2008;30:127–46. doi: 10.1080/09649060802469827
172
Easton S. The prisoner ’s right to vote and civic responsibility: reaffirming the social contract? Probation journal. 2009;56:224–37. doi: 10.1177/0264550509337455
173
Easton S, Black T, Dhami MK. Should prisoners be allowed to vote? Criminal justice matters. 2012;90:43–4. doi: 10.1080/09627251.2012.751247
174
Easton S. Protecting prisoners: the impact of International Human Rights Law on the treatment of prisoners in the United Kingdom. Prison journal. 2013;93:475–92. doi: 10.1177/0032885513501025
175
Easton SM. The politics of the prison and the prisoner: zoon politikon. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2018.
176
Ewald AC, Rottinghaus B. Criminal disenfranchisement in an international perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2009.
177
Liebling A. Moral performance, inhuman and degrading treatment and prison pain. Punishment & society. 2011;13:530–50. doi: 10.1177/1462474511422159
178
Livingstone S. Prisoners’ rights in the context of the European Convention on human rights. Punishment & society. 2000;2:309–24. doi: 10.1177/14624740022228024
179
Miller BL, Spillane JF. Civil death: an examination of ex-felon disenfranchisement and reintegration. Punishment & society. 2012;14:402–28. doi: 10.1177/1462474512452513
180
McNulty D, Watson N, Philo G. Human rights and prisoners’ rights: the British press and the shaping of public debate. The Howard journal of criminal justice. 2014;53:360–76. doi: 10.1111/hojo.12075
181
Voting rights of convicted prisoners detained within the United Kingdom, second stage consultation. 2009.
182
Whitty N. Human rights as risk: UK prisons and the management of risk and rights. Punishment & society. 2011;13:123–48. doi: 10.1177/1462474510394959
183
Emby A. A Human Rights information booklet for prisoners. 2014.
184
Ministry of Justice. Voting eligibility (Prisoners) draft bill. 2012.
185
Commission on a Bill of Rights. A UK Bill of Rights? The choice before us [2 volumes]. 2012.
186
Protecting Human Rights in the UK: the Conservatives’ proposals or changing Britain’s Human Rights Laws. 2014.
187
Gies L. Mediating human rights: media, culture and human rights law. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2015.
188
The Howard League for Penal Reform & Anor, R (On the Application Of) v The Lord Chancellor [2014] EWHC 709 (Admin) (17 March 2014). 2014.
189
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
190
Coroners and Justice Act 2009.
191
Sentencing council website. https://www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk/
192
The Howard League. https://howardleague.org/
193
Roberts JV. Structured sentencing: Lessons from England and Wales for common law jurisdictions. Punishment & Society. 2012;14:267–88. doi: 10.1177/1462474512442305
194
Ashworrth A. The evolution of English sentencing guidance in 2016. Criminal Law Review. 2017;507–20.
195
Ashworth A, Roberts JV, editors. Sentencing guidelines: exploring the English model. First edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2013.
196
Liebling A, Shadd M, McAra L, editors. The Oxford handbook of criminology. Sixth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2017.
197
Henham RJ. Sentencing: time for a paradigm shift. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2014.
198
Roberts JV. Sentencing Guidelines and Judicial Discretion: Evolution of the Duty of Courts to Comply in England and Wales. British Journal of Criminology. 2011;51:997–1013.
199
Crown Court Sentencing Survey: Annual Publication January to December 2014 England and Wales. 2015.
200
Sentencing Council Annual Report 2017/18. 2018.
201
Ashworth A, Padfield N. Five years of the Sentencing Council. Criminal Law Review. 2015;657–8.
202
Ashworth A. Sentencing and criminal justice. 5th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010.
203
Brain C. Making sentencing clearer : a consultation and report of a review by the Home Secretary, Lord Chancellor and Attorney General. [London]: Home Office 2007.
204
Magistrates’ Court Sentencing Guidelines: Definitive Guideline. 2008.
205
Morgan R. Summary Justice, Fast - but Fair? 2008.
206
Tarling R. Sentencing Practice in Magistrates’ Courts Revisited. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 2006;45:29–41. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2311.2006.00402.x
207
Law Commission. A New Sentencing Code for England and Wales Transition – Final Report and Recommendations. 2016.
208
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
209
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
210
Oxford University Press | Online Resource Centre | Easton & Piper: Sentencing and Punishment 4e. https://global.oup.com/uk/orc/criminology/easton_piper4e/
211
Coroners and Justice Act 2009.
212
Overarching principles: Seriousness: guideline. 2004.
213
Criminal Justice Act 2003.
214
Crown Court Sentencing Survey: Annual Publication January to December 2014 England and Wales. 2015.
215
Causing death by driving: definitive guideline. 2008.
216
Attempted Murder: Definitive Guideline. 2009.
217
Drug Offences: Definitive Guideline. 2012.
218
Kerr J, Owen R, McNaughton Nicholls C, et al. Research on sentencing online fraud offences. 2013.
219
Sexual Offences: Definitive Guideline. 2014.
220
Assessing the Impact of the Sentencing Council’s Burglary Definitive Guideline on Sentencing Trends.
221
Ashworth A. Criminal justice and deserved sentences. Criminal Law Review. 1989;340–55.
222
Ashworth A. Sentencing and criminal justice. 5th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010.
223
Ashworth A, Von Hirsch A. Recognising elephants: the problem of the custody threshold. Criminal Law Review. 1997;187–200.
224
Roberts JV. Punishing persistent offenders: previous convictions and the sentencing process. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2007.
225
Roberts JV. Mitigation and aggravation at sentencing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2011.
226
Roberts JV, Pina-Sánchez J. Previous convictions at sentencing: exploring empirical trends in the Crown Court. Criminal Law Review. 2014;575–88.
227
Ashworth A. Victim impact statements and sentencing. Criminal Law Review. 1993;498–509.
228
Ashworth A. Victims’ views and the public interest. Criminal Law Review. 2014;775–6.
229
Chalmers J, Duff P, Leverick F. Victim impact statements: can work, do work (for those who bother to make them). Criminal Law Review. 2007;360–79.
230
Improving the Code of Practice for Victims of Crime. 2013. https://consult.justice.gov.uk/digital-communications/code-victims-crime/
231
Edwards I. The place of victims’ preferences in the sentencing of ‘their’ offenders. Criminal Law Review. 2002;689–702.
232
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
233
Criminal Justice Act 2003.
234
Reduction in Sentence for a Guilty Plea: Definitive Guideline. 2017.
235
Dawes W, Harvey P, McIntosh B, et al. Attitudes to Guilty Plea Sentence Reductions. 2011.
236
Koffman L. The rise and fall of proportionality: the failure of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. Criminal Law Review. 2006;281–99.
237
Roberts JV, Pina-Sánchez J. Previous convictions at sentencing: exploring empirical trends in the Crown Court. Criminal Law Review. 2014;575–88.
238
van Zyl Smit D, Ashworth A. Disproportionate Sentences as Human Rights Violations. Modern Law Review. 2004;67:541–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2004.00499.x
239
Von Hirsch A, Ashworth A. Proportionate sentencing: exploring the principles. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2005.
240
Judicial response to the Green Paper: Breaking the cycle: Effective Punishment, Rehabilitation and Sentencing of Offenders.
241
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
242
Criminal Justice Act 2003.
243
Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008.
244
Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012.
245
Guidelines Judgments Case Compenium.
246
Ashworth A. Sentencing and criminal justice. Sentencing and criminal justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010:195–238.
247
Baker K. More harm than good? The language of public protection. The Howard journal of criminal justice. 2010;49:42–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2311.2009.00596.x
248
Selective incapacitation after the Criminal Justice Act 1991: a proportional response to protecting the public? The Howard journal of criminal justice. 1998;37:177–87. doi: 10.1111/1468-2311.00089
249
Hebenton B, Seddon T. From dangerousness to precaution: managing sexual and violent offenders in an insecure and uncertain age. British journal of criminology. 2009;49:343–62. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azn085
250
Bennett J. The social costs of dangerousness: prison and the dangerous classes,. 2008.
251
Brown M. Serious violence and dilemmas of sentencing: a comparison of three incapacitation policies. Criminal Law Review. 1998;710–22.
252
Harrison K. Dangerousness, risk and the governance of serious sexual and violent offenders. London: Routledge 2011.
253
Hebenton B, Seddon T. From dangerousness to precaution: managing sexual and violent offenders in an insecure and uncertain age. British journal of criminology. 2009;49:343–62. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azn085
254
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
255
Magistrates Courts sentencing guidelines. 2008.
256
A 2008 version of guidance for the courts is still available.
257
Rt Hon Lord Bradley. Lord Bradley’s review of people with mental health problems or learning disabilities in the criminal justice system. 2009.
258
Haney C. "Madness” and penal confinement: Some observations on mental illness and prison pain. Punishment & Society. 2017;19:310–26. doi: 10.1177/1462474517705389
259
Jacobson J, Hough M. Unjust deserts: imprisonment for public protection.
260
Ministry of Justice. Statistics of mentally disordered offenders 2008. 2010.
261
Ministry of Justice. Statistics of mentally disordered offenders 2008. 2010.
262
Morgan R, Reiner R, Maguire M. The Oxford handbook of criminology. 5th ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press 2012.
263
Dockley A, Loader I, Howard League for Penal Reform. The penal landscape: the Howard League guide to criminal justice in England and Wales. The penal landscape: the Howard League guide to criminal justice in England and Wales. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2013:133–49.
264
Liebling A, Shadd M, McAra L, editors. The Oxford handbook of criminology. The Oxford handbook of criminology. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2017:639–62.
265
Peay J. Responsibility, culpability and the sentencing of mentally disordered offenders: objectives in conflict. Criminal Law Review. 2016;152–64.
266
Mental health in prisons. http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/WhatWeDo/ProjectsResearch/Mentalhealth
267
Winstone J, editor. Mental health, crime and criminal justice: responses and reforms. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 2016.
268
Punishment and Society.
269
Baker E. Dangerousness, Rights and Criminal Justice. The Modern Law Review. 1993;56:528–47.
270
Review of health and social services for mentally, disordered offenders and others requiring similar services: final summary report. 1992.
271
Tilt R. Report of the Review of Security in High Security Hospitals. 2000.
272
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
273
Behan C, O’Donnell I. Prisoners, Politics and the Polls: Enfranchisement and the Burden of Responsibility. British Journal of Criminology. 2007;48:319–36. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azn004
274
Codd H. In the shadow of prison: families, imprisonment and criminal justice. Cullompton: Willan Publishing 2008.
275
Transforming Legal Aid: Delivering a more credible and efficient system.
276
Easton SM. Prisoners’ rights: principles and practice. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2011.
277
Easton S. Electing the Electorate: The Problem of Prisoner Disenfranchisement. Modern Law Review. 2006;69:443–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2006.00591.x
278
Easton S. Constructing Citizenship: Making Room for Prisoners’ Rights. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law. 2008;30:127–46. doi: 10.1080/09649060802469827
279
Easton S. The prisoner ’s right to vote and civic responsibility: Reaffirming the social contract? Probation Journal. 2009;56:224–37. doi: 10.1177/0264550509337455
280
Easton S, Black T, Dhami MK. Should prisoners be allowed to vote? Criminal Justice Matters. 2012;90:43–4. doi: 10.1080/09627251.2012.751247
281
Easton S. Protecting prisoners: the impact of International Human Rights Law on the treatment of prisoners in the United Kingdom. The Prison Journal. 2013;93:475–92. doi: 10.1177/0032885513501025
282
Easton SM. The politics of the prison and the prisoner: zoon politikon. The politics of the prison and the prisoner: zoon politikon. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2018:86–121.
283
Ewald AC, Rottinghaus B. Criminal disenfranchisement in an international perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2009.
284
Liebling A. Moral performance, inhuman and degrading treatment and prison pain. Punishment & Society. 2011;13:530–50. doi: 10.1177/1462474511422159
285
Livingstone S. Prisoners’ Rights in the Context of the European Convention on Human Rights. Punishment & Society. 2000;2:309–24. doi: 10.1177/14624740022228024
286
Miller BL, Spillane JF. Civil death: An examination of ex-felon disenfranchisement and reintegration. Punishment & Society. 2012;14:402–28. doi: 10.1177/1462474512452513
287
McNulty D, Watson N, Philo G. Human Rights and Prisoners’ Rights: The British Press and the Shaping of Public Debate. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 2014;53:360–76. doi: 10.1111/hojo.12075
288
Voting rights of convicted prisoners detained within the United Kingdom, second stage consultation. 2009.
289
Whitty N. Human rights as risk: UK prisons and the management of risk and rights. Punishment & Society. 2011;13:123–48. doi: 10.1177/1462474510394959
290
Emby A. Human rights booklet for prisoners. 2014.
291
6 Million Lost Voters: State-Level Estimates of Felony Disenfranchisement, 2016 | The Sentencing Project. https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/6-million-lost-voters-state-level-estimates-felony-disenfranchisement-2016/
292
Voting eligibility (prisoners): draft bill. 2012.
293
Commission on a Bill of Rights. Commission on a Bill of Rights - The Choice Before Us Volume 1. 2012;1.
294
Commission on a Bill of Rights. A UK Bill of Rights? The Choice Before Us Volume 2: Annexes. 2012.
295
Protecting Human Rights in the UK: The Conservatives’ Proposals or Changing Britain’s Human Rights Laws. 2014.
296
Gies L. Mediating human rights: media, culture and human rights law. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2015.
297
Oxford University Press | Online Resource Centre | Easton & Piper: Sentencing and Punishment 4e. https://global.oup.com/uk/orc/criminology/easton_piper4e/
298
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
299
Burglary Offences: Definitive Guideline. 2011.
300
Kerr J, Owen R, McNaughton Nicholls C, et al. Research on sentencing online fraud offences. 2013.
301
Easton SM, Piper C. Sentencing and punishment: the quest for justice. Fourth edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2016.
302
Jacobson J, Hough M. Unjust Deserts: imprisonment for public protection. 2010.
303
O’Loughlin A. The offender personality disorder pathway: Expansion in the face of failure? The Howard journal of criminal justice. 2014;53:173–92. doi: 10.1111/hojo.12058
304
Mavronicola N. Inhuman and degrading punishment, dignity, and the limits of retribution. Modern law review. 2014;77:292–307. doi: 10.1111/1468-2230.12067
305
Padfield N. Justifying indefinite detention - on what grounds? Criminal Law Review. ;797–822.
306
Learning from PPO Investigations: Prisoner mental health. 2016.
307
Garland D. Mass imprisonment: social causes and consequences. London: SAGE 2001.
308
Forman Jr. J. Racial critiques of mass incarceration: beyond the new Jim Crow. New York University Law Review. 2012;87.
309
The Color of Justice: Racial and Ethnic Disparity in State Prisons. 2016.
